"Sūduvių knygelės" etnomitologinė faktografija: mitonimų Potrimpus (↔ Autrimpus [← Natrimpus]), Pilnitis, Parkuns, Peckols, Pockols etimologinė raida ir semantinė transformacija

Direct Link:
Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
"Sūduvių knygelės" etnomitologinė faktografija: mitonimų Potrimpus (↔ Autrimpus [← Natrimpus]), Pilnitis, Parkuns, Peckols, Pockols etimologinė raida ir semantinė transformacija
Alternative Title:
Factographic motifs of the "Yatvigian Book": etymological analysis and transformation of the semantic value of the mythonyms Potrimpus (↔ Autrimpus [← Natrimpus]), Pilnitis, Parkuns, Peckols and Pockols
Authors:
Kregždys, Rolandas
In the Journal:
Baltu filoloģija. 2019, t. 28, nr. 2, p. 35-106
Keywords:
LT
Žodžių kilmė. Etimologija / Word origin. Etymology.
Summary / Abstract:

LTPasitelkiant lyginamąjį istorinį bei vidinės rekonstrukcijos metodus, straipsnyje analizuojama Sūduvių knygelės (toliau – SK) mitonimų jtv. Autrimpus, Potrimpus, Parkuns, Peckols, Pilnitis, Pockols, waidler etimologinė raida bei funkcinė distribucija, paraleliai apžvelgiant mitologemų pr. Natrimpus, Potrimppo, Potrumppi etiologiją. Remiantis tipologiniu ir analitiniu aprašomuoju metodais, identifikuota SK mitonimų funkcinės apibrėžties etiologija – nustatyta jos scholastinė parafrazė. Pasitelkus rekonstrukcinį metodą, paneigtas pr. Patollo autentiškumas resp. identifikuotas pseudomitologemos statusas. [Leidėjo anotacija]Reikšminiai žodžiai: „Sūduvių knygelė"; Simono Grunau "Preussishe Chronik"; NT knyga Apreiškimas Jonui; Pr. Natrimpus, Potrimppo, Potrumppi; Jtv. Autrimpus, Potrimpus, Parkuns, Peckols, Pilnitis, Pockols, waidler; Etimologija; Yatvigian book; "Preussishe Chronik" by Simon Grunau; "Book of Revelation"; OPr. Natrimpus, Potrimppo, Potrumppi; Yatv. Autrimpus, Potrimpus, Parkuns, Peckols, Pilnitis, Pockols, waidler; Etymology.

ENThe article deals with the etymological analysis of the mythonyms Autrimpus, Potrimpus, Pilnitis, Parkuns, Peckols and Pockols listed in the Yatvigian book, and Natrimpus recorded in Collatio Episcopi Warmiensis… (1418). To summarize the outcomes of the research into the said West Baltic mythonyms, the following conclusions are proposed: 1. The functional characteristics of the 13 mythonyms (i.e., pseudo-deities) listed in YB were created not by the factographic material of cultural heritage of Sudavians, but by the New Testament data, i.e. 13 functions of the 7 angels mentioned in Rev 6.1–12, 7.1, 8.7–11, 9.1–16 were ascribed to the said mythologemes. 2. Structural discrepancies of Yatv. Autrimpus A(p) ↔ Antrmps E 377r can be justified by the characteristics of German Cursive Script, i.e. the leveling of the graphemes u ↔ n predetermined by the absence of a diacritic above the vowel u (resp. ). Therefore, the form with the grapheme -n- is secondary. 3. The etiology of Yatv. Autrimpus A(p) ‘a god of the sea’ can be justified by the contamination of the mythologeme OPr. Natrimpe with sub. EHG au ‘riverine island; meadow etc.’↔ sub. MLG ou ‘water-meadow; a stream’. 4. Word structure and functional definition of Yatv. Autrimpus do not presuppose the indigenous West Baltic mythonym. 5. The Mythologeme OPr. Natrimpe in view of the distance assimilation might have been ascribed to reflexes of OPr. *Patrimpe. 6. An adverb MLat. patollu ‘in many places; openly, clearly’, i.e. a metathetical form with transposed medial/final vocalic elements of the second and last syllables (cf. primary adv. MLat. patulo ‘ditto’), recorded in Collatio Episcopi Warmiensis… was erroneously ascribed to theonyms by S. Grunau. Therefore, the pseudomythologeme OPr. Patollo recorded by the said chronicler is an adverb, but not a substantive.7. The Functional discrepancy of Yatv. Potrimpus ‘a god of flowing water’ A(p) and OPr. Potrimppo ‘a god of cereals’ recorded by S. Grunau can be justified by the scholastic motif mentioned in NT Rev 8.10 (i.e., by the reference of the third angel whose residence was related with rivers and springs). Therefore, the function of Yatv. Potrimpus ‘a god of flowing water’ A(p) is secondary. 8. The morphological structure of the theonym OPr. Potrumppi ‘a god of cereals’ recorded by S. Grunau is very archaic. The mythonym presupposes a compound of tatpuruṣa type OPr. *Pad-trumpis/-as ‘a god of cereals ← a god of harvest (due to antonomasia) ← harvest of the earth’, composed of sub. OPr. *păd- *‘underneath, earth (soil)’ and of sub. OPr. *trumpas/-is ‘harvest’. 9. The Mythonym with the consonant -w- Yatv. Pilwitus G(p), also recorded in a shape of pilwittenn in the Decree by Konrad von Jungingen (14th c), presupposes the primary form, although its alternative with consonant -n- (resp. Yatv. Pilnitis A[p]) is listed in YB manuscripts of the early period. 10. The Mythologeme Yatv. Pilnitis A(p) (↔ Pilwitus G[p]) presupposes a latinized variant of the mythonym EHG pilwis, pilwiht ‘a demon; a familiar; a demon of the harvest fields; an elf; a god of the hearth; a witch; a sorcerer, a prophet, a priest; a devil’. 11. On the basis of the semantic value of EHG pilwis, pilwiht ‘an elf (↔ a devil); a demon of the harvest fields etc.’, the author of YB created the functional definition of Yatv. Pilnitis A(p) (↔ Pilwitus G[p]), i.e. ‘god makes man’s life rich and fills the barns’. The localisation of the devil in the barn mentioned in German folklore also greatly affected the semantic value of the said pseudomythologeme.12. The Mythonym MLG / EHG waidelotten ‘sorcerers’ (recorded by S. Grunau) presupposes a borrowing of West Germanic origin, i.e. a compound of tatpuruṣa type MLG weide-lût ‘a hunter, a fisherman’, reflecting the change of the referents ‘fishermen (of amber)’ → ‘Sudavians ↔ sorcerers’. 13. The Alternation of the vowels ĕ ↔ ă of Yatv. Parknß α 729r ↔ Perknen α 730r can be justified by the dephonologization process of OPr. (and Yatv.) *ĕ (i.e., by the change ĕ to ă). 14. The origin of the theonym Yatv. Parkuns A(p) is to be justified by H. Hirt’s hypothesis, i.e. by the etymological link with IE *perkus ‘an oak’. 15. The Functional definition of the theonym Yatv. Parkuns (resp. “<…> beg <…> god Parkuns to send early and harvesting rainwater, and to banish Peckollum and his escort Peckolli to hell <…>”) presupposes a synthesis of motives of the non-sacred sphere (i.e., of the agrarian culture cycle) and the Book of Revelation. 16. The alternative form with the radical vowel -o- Yatv. Pokelus †F presupposes a secondary variant of the primary mythonym Yatv. Peckols ‘a god of the underworld and darkness’ A(p) predetermined by the metathesis, with the transposition of the vocal elements -e- and -o-. 17. The Theonym Yatv. Peckols presents a remake of the Slavonicism OPr. pekollin ‘hell’, presupposed by antonomasia ‘a hell → a god of hell’. 18. The episode of the clearing the ground of evil spirits i.e., “<…> to banish Peckollum and his escort Peckolli to hell <…>” A(p), based on the motif of NT Rev 12.9, is to be ascribed to scholastic stories. [...]. [From the publication]

DOI:
10.22364/bf.28.2.02
ISSN:
1691-0036
Subject:
Related Publications:
Permalink:
https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/83197
Updated:
2021-01-10 19:30:49
Metrics:
Views: 56    Downloads: 9
Export:
Download