Sapiegų rūmų Antakalnyje architektas Giovanni Battista Frediani: biografijos bruožai

LTStraipsnis skirtas italų kilmės inžinieriaus ir architekto, artilerijos pulkininko Giovannio Battistos Fredianio (1627/1632 – 1700) biografijai. Publikacijoje pateikiama naujų duomenų apie jo kilmę ir šeimą, atvykimo į Lietuvos Didžiąją Kunigaikštystę aplinkybes, karjerą Abiejų Tautų Respublikoje. Šie biografiniai faktai gali suteikti žinių apie architekto kūrybinę aplinką ir menines įtakas, studijų ir profesinės veiklos pobūdį, taip pat leis ateityje tyrinėti socialinius ryšius ir santykius su galimais užsakovais ar mecenatais. Be to, straipsnyje apibendrinami duomenys apie jo architektūrinę veiklą, brėžiamos tolesnių tyrimų kryptys. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Giovanni Battista Frediani; Luka; Abiejų Tautų Respublika (ATR; Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów; Žečpospolita; Sandrauga; Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth); Italai Lietuvoje; Baroko architektūra; Giovanni Battista Frediani; Lucca; Italians in Lithuania; Baroque architecture.

ENThe subject of the article is the biography of the engineer and architect of Italian descent, artillery colonel Giovanni Battista Frediani. As was established during the research, Frediani was born into an aristocratic family in Lucca between 1627 and 1632, and circa 1648 studied mathematics and art in Rome. He arrived in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a military engineer, and in 1655 moved to Cracow. In 1656, he enrolled in the army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1659, Frediani began to serve in the court of John Casimir Vasa and worked as an engineer in Warsaw and Cracow. In 1665, Frediani was appointed the deputy governor of the castle and city of Cracow by John Casimir Vasa, and lived in the city until 1669. From 1670, Frediani mainly lived in Lithuania and maintained close contacts with the most prominent magnate families of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of the late 17th century (Pac, Sapieha), as well as the local Italians Tito Livio Burattini (1617–1681) and Bartolomeo Cinachi (circa 1626–1683). In 1671–1672, he designed and built a single-arch bridge across the Neris (it was destroyed by drifting ice in 1673). In 1673, Frediani was conferred the rank of artillery colonel of the Lithuanian Army and the indigenous status, i.e. was included in the registry of the noblemen of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He participated in the war against Turkey and Tatars in Ukraine and in the battle against the Turks at Khotyn in 1673. From 1676 to 1679, he mainly lived in Vilnius. In 1680, he arrived in Chernihiv (Ukraine), where the Eastern Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity was built after his design by 1689. Simultaneously he contributed to the construction of the Church of St Peter and St Paul and the Monastery of the Lateran Canons in Vilnius (and most probably also designed the monastery), and the Pažaislis monastery near Kaunas.On 8 February 1682, Frediani married Franciszka Dunin-Suligostowska (b. circa 1650) in the Jazdow parish in Warsaw, who bore him two daughters: Antanina Cecilia (b. 26 November 1683, married Hilary Sarnowski) and Teresa (married Stefan Kłopocki). In the autumn of 1683, Frediani took part in the battle at Vienna led by Jan Sobieski. In 1684, he designed the Eastern Orthodox Church of the Mhar Monastery in the Poltava district in Ukraine (with some interruptions he continued to work in this monastery until his death). In the last decade of the 17th century, he was closely related to the court of Jan Kazimierz Sapieha and designed the Sapieha ensemble in Antakalnis, a suburb of Vilnius. He also reconstructed the Sapieha Palace in Grodno, and most probably designed the Słuszkow Palace in Antakalnis. His creative heritage still has not received sufficient research attention. Frediani died in 1700, the exact place of his death remains unknown. [From the publication]