Kościół Trynitarzy w Wilnie Uwagi o jego budowaniu
ENThe Trinitarian church in Vilnius was built in 1694–1716 as the foundation of Hetman Kazimierz Jan Sapieha by an anonymous architect. The article addresses three main issues. The first is the plan of the church and function of a family mausoleum. A regular octagon without a separate presbytery on a compact plan, with altar recesses cut out in the thickness of the walls, indicates more the function of a family mausoleum than a religious church. As it happened, however, the founder was not buried here. The second issue is the structure of the vault. It has a span of 18.20–19.60 metres. The vault is made of eight domical vaults, similar to the “dome” of the Florence Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore and the Cappella dei Principi. The vault’s layer is about 1.50 metre thick at the base and 0.60 metre thick under the lantern. Such mass and weight would pose a threat to the building’s statics. Probably, it is not a monolithic structure but a two-layer one, similar to the two Florentine vaults mentioned above. It is based on a framework of monolithic buttresses of trapezoidal section.Between them, there are two surfaces of vault cells adjoining at the base of the lantern. The verification of this thesis can be established through examination with a thermal imaging camera or architectural tests. The third issue is an angular arrangement of towers visible in a straight view. This arrangement is due to the fact that they adjoin the diagonal walls of the octagonal body, and are not inscribed into the façade line. Thus, they do not resemble the solution used in St Peter’s Church in Vienna or Trinitarian Church in Bratislava, both later than the Vilnius one. There, the towers do not adjoin the oval nave, flanking the preceding span of the inter-tower vestibule instead, and forming a screen façade. Researchers thought that the Trinitarian towers were added later. However, the parts of both towers with preserved plaster and entablature, visible from the attic of the nave vault, testify to the simultaneous construction of the towers with the nave body. The structure of the church, especially the vaults, suggests that its designer and builder was military engineer Giovanni Batista Frediani. Keywords: Vilnius, Trinitarian Church, church-mausoleum, vault, structure, Giovanni Battista Frediani, architecture, Poland, 17th century.
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