Miestas ir miestiečiai: kultūrinė atmintis ir tapatumas

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Miestas ir miestiečiai: kultūrinė atmintis ir tapatumas
Alternative Title:
Town and citizenry: cultural memory and identity
Authors:
Rubavičius, Vytautas
In the Journal:
Acta Academiae Artium Vilnensis [AAAV]. 2013, t. 71, p. 111-125. Terra urbana: urbanistinės kaitos žemėlapiai
Keywords:
LT
Kaunas. Kauno kraštas (Kaunas region); Kėdainiai; Klaipėda. Klaipėdos kraštas (Klaipeda region); Vilnius. Vilniaus kraštas (Vilnius region); Lietuva (Lithuania); Kolektyvinė atmintis / Collective memory; Kultūrinis identitetas / Cultural identitity; Kultūros paveldas / Cultural heritage.
Summary / Abstract:

LTLietuvių tauta savo valstybę XX a. pradžioje ėmėsi kurti be Vilniaus ir Klaipėdos kraštų. Šio tikslo ji siekė stokodama istorinės kultūrinės miesto gyvenimo patirties, kuri buvo susijusi su politinių, kultūrinių ir ekonominių institucijų veikla. Urbanistiniu valstybės centru tapo Kaunas, tačiau giliai buvo išgyvenamas ir kitas, simbolinis valstybingumo centras - lenkų okupuotas Vilnius. Remiantis Lietuvos valstybingumo paradigma šiame straipsnyje keliamas klausimas, kokia miestų bendruomenių ir jų kultūrinės atminties reikšmė formuojant bendresnį nacionalinį tapatumą? Straipsnyje aiškinamasi, kaip tarpukario ir sovietinės urbanizacijos bangos, taip pat istorinės pervartos paveikė miestų bendruomenes, jų tapatumus ir kultūrinę atmintį. Tekste taip pat svarstoma, kokie yra esminiai naujos globalizacinio kapitalizmo skatinamos urbanizacijos bruožai, ir kaip tas vyksmas veikia nacionalinį tapatumą ir kultūrinę atmintį. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Istorinis urbanistinis paveldas; Kultūrinė atmintis; Miestai; Miesto bendruomenė; Nacionalinis tapatumas; Cultural memory; National identity; Town; Urban communities; Urban historical heritage.

ENThe rise of modern states was induced by the development of capitalism and the rapid spread of industrial urbanization. In the process of state formation during the XIX and the beginning of the XX century a major role was played by towns and urban communities, whereas towns were the political and cultural and economic centres of power. Lithuanians undertook the construction of their state in the territory that at that time was without the regions of Vilnius and Klaipėda, thus lacking the historical and cultural urban life experience that relates to the political, cultural and economic institutions. The urban centre of the new state became Kaunas, but the place with the deep experience was another symbolic statehood centre - multicultural Vilnius, which was then under Polish occupation. What is the role of urban communities and their cultural memory in the shaping of the broader national identity? What impact was made on the urban communities, their identities and cultural memory by the interwar and Soviet waves of urbanization as well as the prevailing historical circumstances? What are the major traits of the new globalizational capitalist urbanization and how does that process work on the national identity and cultural memory? The building of the State of Lithuania is related to national identity and cultural memory is needed for identity formation. Lithuanians (84 percent) were of a great majority in the country as a whole, but there was a different ethnic composition in towns: Lithuanians amounted to only 57 percent and Jews - 32 percent.The Jews living in Lithuania since the times of the GDL have always been attributed to citizenry, their urban life skills were substantially more developed and diverse. In the thirties a Lithuanian urbanization wave can be detected: new buildings were changing the face of cities and smaller towns and at the same time making visible new features of what it meant to be Lithuanian, which became entrenched in the cultural memory. After the war, the deserted cities of Vilnius and Klaipėda were flocked to by rural people. Only the people of Kaunas maintained their urban cultural memory of independence and their urban roots. Soviet urbanization rapidly changed the land - in 1970 half of the population had become city dwellers. They increasingly began to care about their historical roots. Regeneration projects to revive Vilnius, Klaipeda and Kėdainiai inner cities were pursued, thus strengthening the historical self-consciousness of urban communities and expanding their cultural memory. Liberation from Soviet occupation marked a new wave of globalizational capitalist urbanization, tearing people from their places of residence, disembedding them, severing urban communal ties, deteriorating urban communities' cultural memory, and thus weakening the national identity. [From the publication]

ISBN:
9786094471100
ISSN:
1392-0316
Subject:
Sociologija / Sociology
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/52356
Updated:
2018-12-17 13:39:45
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