ENWhen the Golub War, which broke out in the summer of 1422, came to an end with the treaty concluded between Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila), Vytautas and Paul von Rusdorf, it might have appeared to be merely another temporary agreement in the longstanding conflict in which Poland and Lithuania on one side, and the Teutonic Order on the other, were engaged for some time. However, the Peace of Melno established a border between Lithuania and the Prussian domains of the Teutonic Order, or more precisely principles for where it should be marked. Once implemented, the border with Prussia remained essentially unchanged along parts of its course for several centuries. Historians find the emergence of this border in northern Europe particularly noteworthy, because although it initially marked ‘spheres of influence’ in almost uninhabited areas, it eventually became an important line of demarcation. It has often been depicted as part of the border between Protestant and Catholic Europe, and in the 19th and early 20th centuries as part of the frontier between progress and backwardness, civilisation and barbarism, and even as a cultural boundary between Europe and Asia.Despite these images, far removed from the realities of the place, people living on both sides of the border interacted, established contacts, exchanged goods, services and information, and in some cases even spoke the same Lithuanian language (albeit different dialects). They created and shaped the border not as an insurmountable obstacle, but as a distinctive zone of contact. The articles in this volume examine three cases, each focusing on selected nexuses of interaction in the borderland in the pre-industrial period. Although these studies are separate, and differ in their locations, periods and the phenomena they explore, together they offer a glimpse of the distinctive, long-vanished and still largely unfamiliar nexuses of interaction that once characterised the border between Lithuania and Prussia.