Tiesos nustatymo problema šiuolaikiniame civiliniame procese

LTŠiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama tiesos nustatymo šiuolaikiniame civiliniame procese problema. Analizuojama civilinio proceso teisės doktrinoje ir teismų praktikoje pateikiama tiesos sampratų (materialioji, objektyvioji, formalioji) įvairovė, bandant atsakyti į klausimą, ar suteikimas tiesai turinio, kuris būtų „pritemptas“ prie vienokios ar kitokios civilinio proceso modelio koncepcijos, neiškreipia pačios tiesos esmės ir yra pateisinamas? Straipsnyje, įvertinus dispozityvumo, rungimosi, operatyvumo principus bei įrodymų pakankamumo taisyklės turinį, bandoma atsakyti į klausimą, kokią įtaką šie principai turi tiesos nustatymui ir ar bandymas bet kokia kaina pateisinti tikslą – nustatyti byloje tiesą – suderinamas su proceso operatyvumo, rungimosi, dispozityvumo principais? Straipsnyje taip pat nagrinėjama įrodymų pakankamumo taisyklės, paremtos tikimybių pusiausvyros principu, problema bei jos įtaka tiesos nustatymui. Autorius straipsnyje prieina prie išvados, kad norint užtikrinti tinkamą rungimosi, dispozityvumo, operatyvumo principų įgyvendinimą ir kartu pasiekti tikslą – nustatyti byloje tiesą, tai yra tarpusavyje nesuderinami siekiai, kad ir kaip norėtųsi rasti jų pusiausvyrą. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Civilinio proceso teisė; Materialioji tiesa; Objektyvioji tiesa; Tiesos nustatymas; Įrodinėjimo procesas; Civil process law; Evidentiary process; Material truth; Objective truth; The establishment of truth.

ENThe definition of the content of the principle of competition and dispositive principle, their application limits, and the relation of court and its parties during evidentiary process in positive law will determine whether the establishment of truth can be named as one of the aims of civil process. Since Lithuania regained its independence the objective of law makers to warrant operational efficiency of the process, to turn from investigative process to the equality of arms has been obvious and progressive. They have emphasized the significance of the autonomy of parties, the principles of the equality of arms and operational efficiency and refused to embrace the ideal of court role in the course of evidentiary process. Changed attitudes towards the role of parties and court in civil process determined different understanding of truth. This fact especially manifested itself after the reform of civil process implemented on the 1st of January in 2003, when a new Code of Civil Procedure of the Lithuanian Republic was carried out. The aims of civil process and new principles of civil process specified in the Code of Civil Procedure of the Lithuanian Republic encouraged the appearance of the discussion - what conception of truth should be the ground of civil process. If before the reform of civil process the goal was to establish objective truth, after the reform this attitude changed. Both legal doctrine and court practice started using the term "material truth" trying to justify it with a help of chosen conception of the social model of civil process.The author of this article tries to analyze the variety conceptions of truth (material, objective, formal) given both in legal doctrine of civil process and in court practice making an attempt to answer the question whether the apportion of truth by the content which "is pulled" to one or another conception of civil process model does not distort the very meaning of truth and is justifiable? The article assesses the dispositive principle, the principles of competition and operational efficiency and the content of the sufficient evidence rule and tries to answer the question what impact the latter principles have on the establishment of truth and, if the effort to justify the goal at all hazards - to establish truth in case - corresponds to the principles of operational efficiency and competition and the dispositive principle? The article also examines the problem of the sufficient evidence rule supported by the probabilities balance principle and its impact on the establishment of truth. The author of the article comes to a conclusion that it is impossible both to warrant proper implementation of the principles of operational efficiency and competition and the dispositive principle and at the same to reach the goal - to establish truth within the case - however much wanted to find balance between them. [From the publication]