Valstybės parama smulkiam ir vidutiniam verslui Lietuvoje : bendras ir praktinis aspektai

• State support for small and medium sized business in Lithuania: general and practical aspects
• Помощь государства мелкому и среднему предпринимательству в Литве: общий и практический аспект

LTIšsivysčiusių pasaulio šalių praktika rodo, kad smulkus ir vidutinis verslas (SVV) yra šalių ekonomikos varomoji jėga bei socialinio stabilumo garantas. Smulkaus ir vidutinio verslo įmonių gausa - tai augančios konkurencingos ekonomikos požymis, o valstybės parama smulkiam ir vidutiniam verslui - savarankiška jos ekonominės politikos dalis. Paramos smulkaus ir vidutinio verslo plėtrai formos bei metodai yra labai įvairūs, o valstybės politika šioje srityje yra svarbus šalies vidaus politikos uždavinys. Straipsnio tikslas - nustatyti pagrindines kliūtis, su kuriomis susiduria SVV, bei pasiūlyti priemones šiam ekonomikos sektoriui plėtoti. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad SVV atstovams Kauno apskrityje trūksta informacijos apie valstybės pagalbos formas bei neužtenka pasiryžimo ir išteklių dalyvauti ES struktūrinių fondų konkursuose. Manoma, kad su panašiomis problemomis susiduria ir kitų Lietuvos apskričių SVV įmonės. Dauguma įmonių net ir žinodamos apie prieinamas SVV sektoriui paslaugas, valstybės pagalbą bei paramą, nesinaudoja jų teikiamomis galimybėmis dėl sudėtingų apiforminimo procedūrų, ilgo paramos gavimo laikotarpio, kvalifikuoto personalo, kuris galėtų parengti projektą ar užpildyti paraišką, stokos. Todėl labai svarbu, kad valstybės finansinė parama smulkaus ir vidutinio verslo subjektams būtų gerai organizuota, numatomos laiku vykdomos ir pagrįstos priemonės, užtikrintas šių priemonių įgyvendinimo kompleksiškumas, tęstinumas. Anksčiau pristatyti finansavimo bei plėtros skatinimo būdai nereikalauja didelių finansinių įdėjimų, tačiau Lietuvos smulkaus ir vidutinio verslo plėtros perspektyvos iš dalies priklauso nuo to, kaip bus įgyvendintos darbe siūlomos priemonės.Reikšminiai žodžiai: Smulkus ir vidutinis verslas(SVV); Finansinė parama; Verslo inkubatorius; Verslo centras; Small and medium business (SME); Financial support; Business incubator; Business center; SME; Development.

EN[...] The purpose of this paper is to identify development possibilities of small and medium size business in Lithuania. It is impossible to begin business without long-term capital investments which are necessary for premises' purchase or rent, goods, technologies purchase, etc. In most cases it is not enough to use own savings. There are many ways of grouping the basic financial sources, but in this paper only the state support is analyzed. The analysis includes the discussion of the peculiarities of state financial support in Lithuania. In the first part of the publication the information on various forms of state support (tax exemptions and charge exemptions; financial support: credits on easy terms, total or partial covering of interest rate, guarantee reassurance and sponsion, credit insurance, risk venture capital investments in SME, compensation of some expenditures, subsidies for the creation of workplaces; easy term consultations, trainings, qualification improvement and re-skilling for firms owners and employees and employers; establishment of business incubators, business centres, technological parks and their offered services; all other national, county and municipal defined sup port forms) and its level is presented. In the second part, on the basis of statistical data for more detailed analysis the Kaunas district has been chosen and representatives of SMEs were interviewed by e-mail, phone. After research data processing, the basic problems of SMEs development were established. Besides, it was found out that the majority of respondents' approach of choosing financial source or using state support is a cautious and careful analyze of this or that way of financing.The last part is devoted to the project of intensification of SME development possibilities: the possible ways of mitigation and elimination of SME development problems are presented. The analysis of a situation has shown that the spectrum of state support forms is wide enough, but the basic problem of business steel is a shortage of financing. It is possible to allocate some reasons: lack of the information on various kinds and forms of financing, shortage of experience, absence of financial formation at the majority of heads, especially in very small companies. Stating offers the world tendencies of development of SME and the opportunities of this sector in Lithuania have been taken into consideration. The main SME development purpose is to expand small and medium business, strengthen the national competitive capacity and insure the economy growth and welfare creation. To reach this purpose it is necessary to take into consideration consistent and intensive SME development in Lithuania and not only motivate enterprise and the establishment of new companies, but also make favorable conditions for already existing companies for development and spread. Aiming to approve the validity of the suggested measures in case of limited financial sources, it is worth to concentrate attention on those measures, which require less financing, but give better results and benefits for the formation of business environment. [From the publication]