ENThe 1573 Act of the General Confederation of Warsaw has long been considered a monument of old-Polish ‘tolerance’. Questioning this concept, this chapter uses the concepts of ‘peace’, politiques, and zélés to test the thesis that the bishops of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were more disposed to accept the Confederation of Warsaw than those from the Polish Crown. In January 1588 Benedykt Woyna, the future bishop of Vilna (1600–15), protested against the inclusion of the Warsaw Confederation in the Third Lithuanian Statute, allegedly on behalf of the Lithuanian clergy. However, a review of nine bishop-senators reveals that Woyna’s apparently zealous stance was not shared by most of his episcopal contemporaries. Some were politiques, one was an undoubted Protestant, and two more were suspected of sympathy for the Reformation. Keywords: bishops, Confederation of Warsaw, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, tolerance, Reformation, Counter-Reformation.