ENThe Holocaust, the Lithuanian anti-Soviet 1941 June Uprising (hereinafter referred to as “the Uprising”), and the Lithuanian partisan war of 1944–1953 are three events caused by different circumstances. They have no direct causal relationship and represent very different phenomena. The Holocaust is a case of the most brutal crime against humanity. The initiator and organizer of the Holocaust – the Nazi regime – is the case of a political system that mobilized significant resources of the state and society to implement totalitarian goals based on racial ideology. The residents of the occupied countries who collaborated with the Nazis (including Lithuanians) reflect the image of cooperation with the occupants typical of all wars and armed conflicts. The Uprising and the partisan war represent phenomena of a different nature – both of them were individual processes in the struggle for independence from the totalitarian Soviet regime, and the people involved were freedom fighters.