Bilevičių genealoginė kronika (XV-XVII a. pirmoji pusė)

LTStraipsnyje analizuojama Lvove surasta Bilevičių giminės XV–XVII a. pirmosios pusės genealoginė kronika, surašyta XVII a. pradžioje. Tai išskirtinis LDK genealoginio žanro rašytinis šaltinis, kuriame paminėta 520 asmenų bei pateikta nuo dviejų iki penkių kartų apimanti 51 (be Bilevičių) giminės istorija. Raktiniai žodžiai: atmintis, Bilevičiai, genealogija, Albertas Kojalavičius-Vijūkas, kronika. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe article presents an analysis of a genealogical chronicle found in the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv, concerning one of the most famous families from the Duchy of Samogitia – the Bilevičius family – which spans the 15th to the first half of the 17th centuries. It is an exclusive written source of the genealogical genre originating in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It is thought that the idea for the creation of this chronicle and the initial preparatory work was coordinated by the Lithuanian Court Marshal and Samogitian Marshal Vaitiekus Bilevičius (†1602). Later on, this work was probably continued by his son: the Šiauduva Bailiff Jonas (†ca 1619) and Deputy Chamberlain of Samogitia Jurgis (†1643). The text is structured (according to the founders of the family’s branches and their daughters) into eleven visually different genealogical blocks. Five genealogical blocks are dedicated to the male line of the Bilevičius family. The first was the history of the Bilius line, the son of Žadeika, which was divided into four parts, each one discussing the lines continued by his sons – Juška, Ivaška, Andrius and Daugirdas. At the start of the mentioned blocks (and sometimes further along in the text), we see the semantic terms brother - son and daughter - sister, used alone or in combination, which unite these blocks as well as the whole family into a uniform structure. The other five blocks are dedicated to the genealogies of the Bilevičius daughters and their spouses, where the daughter - sister compound used here performs another function – it significantly expanded the understanding of kinship through one’s brother-in-law that was valid at the time.Data for this text was collected from the end of the 16th century until 1615 in three stages, and later, in the middle of the 17th century, a redaction was made including family genealogies related to the Bilevičius’ along the female line. In total, the chronicle mentions 520 individuals from various regions in the GDL (Samogitia and the Navahrudak, Trakai and Vilnius voivodeships) and other states (Italians, Poles, Muscovites). The chronicle also presents the history (going back from two to five generations) of 51 families of various social status that were related to the Bilevičius family – from magnates (e.g., the Astikas (pol. – Ościk), Zbarażski families) to the lower gentry (e.g., the Andrijevičius, Daukantas, Dausiūnas, Juškevičius, Florijonavičius, Kupsčius and Liauda families, among others). Also, the material in the chronicle reveals hitherto unknown data about individuals from certain families (e.g., G. Astikas, the Nemiraitė sisters, J. J. Radziminski). So-called communicative memory was used while the compiler was preparing the text for this chronicle, i.e., information was collected from three or four generations using the questionnaire method. This can be confirmed by the larger quantity of information appearing from the second half of the 16th century, as well as the following things appearing in the document: a) words referring to the present (e.g., “now”, “there is”); b) nicknames (Luha, Słuska), c) the use of toponymic surnames, which spread throughout the nobility in Samogitia from the end of the 16th century (e.g., Vaiguva (village, pol. Wojgowo) → Vaiguviškis (family name, pol. Wojgowski), Varputėnai (village, pol. Worpuciany) → Varputėniškis (family name, pol. Worpuciański)).In cases when there is less data from the first half of the 16th century, the names of the spouses and daughters of these unknown individuals are mentioned. Collecting information from people could have taken the following course: at first, individuals from separate Bilevičius branches were surveyed (most likely women), then the family members of their spouses, thereby covering various locations and regions around Lithuania. Afterwards, this data would be assembled, checked and systematised. Finally, after several drafts were prepared, a final version of the chronicle would have been made. Later on, data from the mentioned chronicle was used, albeit selectively, by Albertas Kojalavičius-Vijūkas in his armorials, which upon being published could have helped other historians reveal more about the history of the Bilevičius family in the 19th century. The original, surviving genealogical chronicle, compiled in the early 17th century and dedicated to one of the most famous families in Samogitia, is the most comprehensive and main source on the genealogies of the Bilevičius’ and other related families from the 15th to the first half of the 17th centuries. The chronicle’s structure and information it contains makes it a unique document in the so-called collective genealogy genre, and is expected to receive closer attention from researchers in the future. Keywords: memory, Bilevičius, genealogy, Albertas Kojalavičius-Vijūkas, chronicle. [From the publication]

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