Kas yra naujosios technologijos? Apibrėžimo ir technologinio turinio problematika ekspertiniuose dokumentuose ir korporatyvinėje komunikacijoje

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Kas yra naujosios technologijos? Apibrėžimo ir technologinio turinio problematika ekspertiniuose dokumentuose ir korporatyvinėje komunikacijoje
Alternative Title:
What is new technology and what technology is new? Definitions of emerging technology in policy documents and global corporate communication
Authors:
Šupa, Maryja
In the Journal:
Informacijos mokslai. 2018, t. 83, p. 101-120
Summary / Abstract:

LTŠis straipsnis nagrinėja dvejopą problemą, su kuria susiduria naujųjų technologijų tyrėjai – kaip apibrėžti naująsias technologijas ir kokiu principu konkrečias technologijas priskirti būtent naujųjų technologijų kategorijai. Lietuviškame moksliniame diskurse ši tema aktuali todėl, kad iki šiol naujųjų technologijų apibrėžimui ir konkretizavimui skirta mažai dėmesio, nors tokia refleksija galėtų skatinti kokybiškai tikslesnį indėlį į socialinius technologijų tyrimus bei inovacijų, mokslo, švietimo politikos formavimą. Siekiant atskleisti empirinę šios problemos raišką, buvo atliktas dviejų dalių žvalgomasis tyrimas. Ekspertinių dokumentų analizė parodė, kaip juose kito naujųjų technologijų kiekybiniai apibrėžimai ir rodikliai XX a. 9–10 dešimtmečiais ir XXI a. pirmaisiais dešimtmečiais. Remiantis intensyviausiai į tyrimus ir plėtrą investuojančių įmonių korporatyvinių interneto svetainių turinio analize sudarytas sąrašas, nurodantis 2017 m. plėtotas naująsias technologijas šiose pagrindinėse srityse: farmacija ir biotechnologijos; programinės įrangos inžinerija; interneto technologijos; socialiniai tyrimai; elektronika; telekomunikacijos; transporto technologijos. [Iš leidinio]

ENThis article addresses the two-fold problem faced by the researchers of emerging technologies. First, the problem of definition: which term is appropriate to define new technologies; and second, what principles and methods are appropriate to classify a certain technology as new or emerging. Locally, this problem is also relevant, because the definitions of new technologies and the actual technologies are rarely discussed by Lithuanian researchers. To fill this gap, exploratory research has been conducted to compare definitions and the technological content of new technologies in international policy documents and the corporate websites of global corporations leading in research and development investments. Focusing on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Commission (EC), a policy document analysis showed that the term high technology, which dominated the discourse in the 1980s and well into the 1990s, has since been eclipsed by innovations and sustainable development, moving from an economy-centered approach to a focus on the qualitative aspects of technology development and its social impact. Within policy documents, various quantitative variables are applied to measure technology development at the level of regions, states or specific technological fields, such as the intensity of investments in research and development or the fields in which explosive growths of worldwide patents occur. However, a variety of methodological implications limit the use of this data to map the emergence and the potential impact of more specific technologies, rather than wide fields of development. The website content of globally operating corporations known for being the leaders of business investment in R&D shows that the corporate discourse focuses on a rhetoric of progress and global impact as the main driving force of technological development.Commercially prospective technologies, as presented on corporate websites, emerged in the following seven technological fields in 2017: pharmaceutics and biotechnology, software engineering, web technologies, social research, electronic engineering, telecommunications, and transportation. This method offers the advantage of analyzing both specific technologies and the broader technological fields they belong to. Also, in contrast to policy documents, the list of new technologies in the corporate context offers several significant insights into the interdisciplinary nature of technological development and the contribution of the major technological fields to overall technological development. Overall, the list highlights the ties between micro- (individual level) and macro-level (society and state) technological impact, the interplay of visible (end-user products) and invisible (infrastructure) elements of technological systems. The results reflect the specifics of commercial settings, where new technologies are at a stage of development following fundamental scientific research and preceding mass production and distribution of innovations. The differences between technology discourse in policy documents and corporate communication are reflective of a wider split into expert and public discourse, characteristic of the different aims pursued by the respective agents. Findings about the definitions and classifications of new technologies presented in this article may be applied for policy-making in the areas of science, technology and innovation management, research of the social impact of technologies, and critical discussions of the ethical, legal, social and economic implications of technology development before their mass adoption. [From the publication]

DOI:
10.15388/Im.2018.83.7
ISSN:
1392-0561
Subject:
Komunikacija / Communication
Related Publications:
Permalink:
https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/81424
Updated:
2022-02-11 16:00:05
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