Sovietizacijos ypatybės Lietuvoje 1945 m. vasarą. Lietuvos SSR pirmasis inteligentų suvažiavimas
LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuva, sovietų (LSSR); Režimai; Sovietizacija; Inteligentija; Soviet Lithuania; Sovietisation; Intelligentsia; Regimes.
ENThe congress of the Soviet intelligentsia was held in Vilnius on 10–14 July 1945 at the time when the tendencies of the centralistic and repressive politics began to gain strength. In the spring of 1945 at a meeting of the Lithuanian bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party it was decided to activate the fight against the armed and unarmed underground. A large-scale military operation against the partisan movement was planned and launched. In mid-July mass deportations of partisan families started. The campaign of the Russification of the Lithuanian Communist Party gained momentum. In the article drawing on the practically unknown archival sources answers to a few more important questions given: what goals the Lithuanian authorities pursued holding the congress and what demands some of its delegates put forward. Several conclusions are made: firstly, the Soviet Lithuanian authorities holding the congress strove to involve the intelligentsia in the “building” of the socialist system and in the “fight against the bourgeois nationalists”. The approval of the Soviet policies expressed by the intelligentsia would have added to the legitimacy of the authorities, which was greatly important at the time when the partisan movement was becoming stronger. There were several signs of such approval: an appeal to the intelligentsia of Soviet Lithuania was issued, a greeting was sent to Stalin. Secondly, the congress participants, the Lithuanian intellectuals, agreed to support the “building” of socialism on condition that Lithuanian national culture would be protected by the government. It was not by chance that the congress expressed the necessity to make the old traditional Lithuanian capital city, Vilnius, “more Lithuanian”. This goal was characteristic of various groups of the intelligentsia – those who tended to collaborate with the authorities and those who opposed them.Thirdly, it can be supposed that some members of the leadership of Soviet Lithuania thought that it was possible to conclude a deal with the “old” intelligentsia that was formed in “bourgeois Lithuania”. The essence of the deal can be described as follows: the leadership fulfils the main – national and cultural – expectations of the intelligentsia, while the latter supports its policies. Unfortunately, if some Lithuanian communists had such hopes they were shattered in real political life. Moscow began to accelerate Lithuania’s sovietisation. It was not by chance that the people sent by Moscow to watch the congress criticised its outcome. Fourthly, in the policies of the Soviet Lithuanian leadership the attitudes of national bolshevism prevailed, while those of a part of the Lithuanian intelligentsia were of national communism. [From the publication]
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