Lietuvos žydų (litvakų) politinės ir kultūrinės veiklos aktyvėjimas XIX a. pabaigoje - XX a. pradžioje

LTStraipsnis skirtas Lietuvos žydų (itvakų) politinės ir kultūrinės veiklos aktyvėjimui XIX a. pabaigoje - XX a. pradžioje. Jame trumpai nušviečiama carinės Rusijos politika žydų atžvilgiu, žydų pasipriešinimo augimas ХГХ ir XX amžių sandūroje, sionistinių ir socialistinių organizacijų atsiradimas, žydų dalyvavimas 1905-1907 m. revoliucijoje, atstovavimas Rusijos Valstybės Dūmoje, kultūrinio gyvenimo pagyvėjimas po 1905 m., spaudos hebrajų ir jidiš kalbomis plitimas, žydų bibliotekų ir draugijų įkūrimas. Ruošiant straipsnį panaudota archyvinė ir dokumentinė medžiaga, lietuvių, žydų, rusų ir lenkų autorių darbai.

ENThe article discusses the flourishing of Lithuanian Jewish (Litvak) cultural and political activity at the turn of the twentieth century. Topics such as the politics of the Russian Empire concerning the Jews as well as the rise of the Jewish resistance during this period, the emergence of Zionist and Socialist organizations and the growing activity of Jewish political and cultural life after the revolution in 1905-1907 are briefly elucidated. After studying the archive sources and works of Lithuanian, Jewish, Russian, and Polish authors the following conclusion is drawn: despite the pressure from the Tsarist Russian government at the turn of twentieth century, Lithuanian Jews were able to preserve their religion and cultural identity, strengthen their fight for their rights by establishing Zionist and Socialist organizations. Important changes in Jewish political and cultural life occurred after the revolution of 1905-1907 in which Jews took an active part. The revolution forced the Tsarist government to enact a number of liberal reforms. After these reforms, Jewish political and cultural life came flourish. Jews participated in the elections to Russian State Duma (the Parliament), new editions of newspapers and journals in Hebrew and Yiddish were published in Vilnius, Jewish libraries and societies were established, fresh attempts were made to preserve and study Jewish cultural heritage. The further development of Jewish political and cultural life was interrupted by WWI.