ENThe aim of this article is to reveal the main threads of the political discourse contained in Prokop Bałtromiejowicz’s work Censvra albo Zdanie y uważenie Prokopa Bałtromieiowicza, o nominacyey biskupa wileńskiego (...). The study also made a comparison based on the frequency analysis of this work with selected official documents and private letters from the circles of the political elite of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania devoted to the conflict over the appointment of the Vilnius bishopric in 1597-1598. Bałtromiejowicz’s work is distinguished by a strong particularism, based on the separate state and legal tradition of the Grand Duchy, as well as suspicion towards the crown elites, although the Polish-Lithuanian union itself was not denied. At the same time, the researched work shows the widespread republican ideas and concepts in the political thought of the Grand Duchy, borrowed from the nobility discourse prevailing in the Kingdom of Poland and used by the Lithuanian elites to justify their estate privileges. Keywords: estate, fatherland, freedom, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, law, particularism, people, republicanism, Rzeczpospolita, union.