Vyrai ir moterys genealogijoje: Gorskių giminės vedybinė politika XVI a. antroje pusėje - XVIII a. pirmoje pusėje

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Žurnalų straipsniai / Journal articles
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Vyrai ir moterys genealogijoje: Gorskių giminės vedybinė politika XVI a. antroje pusėje - XVIII a. pirmoje pusėje
Alternative Title:
Men and women in genealogy: marriage policy of the Gorski family from the second half of the sixteenth century to the first half of the eighteenth century
Authors:
Drungilas, Jonas
In the Journal:
Lietuvos istorijos metraštis Yearbook of Lithuanian History, 2024, 1, 33-64
Subject terms:
LT
Teisės istorija / History of law; Socialinė istorija / Social history; 1569 - 1795. Naujieji laikai. ATR; Lietuva (Lithuania).
Summary / Abstract:

LTStraipsnyje, pasitelkus genealoginius duomenis, tiriama Gorskių (h. Galvaraištis) giminės vedybinė politika nuo jos įsikūrimo Žemaitijoje XVI a. antroje pusėje iki iškilimo XVIII a. pirmoje pusėje. Pirmiausia analizuojamas bendras sutuoktinių portretas (socialinis statusas, ekonominis pajėgumas, turimos pareigybės, geografinė kilmė), tada detaliau nagrinėjama šios giminės „vedybinė rinka“ bei ją formavę veiksniai (giminystės ryšiai, žemėvalda, konfesija). Raktiniai žodžiai: genealogija, giminystė, Gorskiai, kilmė, sutuoktiniai, vedybos, Žemaitija.

ENThis article analyses the marriage policy of the second half of the sixteenth century to the first half of the eighteenth century of the Gorski family (Nałęcz coat of arms), which came from the region of Mazovia in the Kingdom of Poland and gradually established itself in the power elite of Samogitia. An analysis of the land holdings, offices held, and regional origins of the relatives of the Gorski spouses revealed a general picture of the candidates selected for marriage. Most of the husbands or their family members held offices and belonged to the middle-class nobility that ruled from 6/11 to 50/60 peasant families. Thus, in terms of both wealth and social status, most of the Gorski marriages were homogeneous, i.e., equal. In some cases, spouses (wives) were chosen from long-established families who had previously held office, or who had a long and distinguished history (their own fama), and who used different heraldry (of German origin). More than 70 per cent of the spouses came from Samogitia, the rest from the neighbouring regions (districts of Livonia, Upytė, Vilkmergė) or those more remote (Grodno district, Navahrudak voivodeship), which undoubtedly indicates the family’s ambition to establish itself in Samogitia, despite the careers of two members of its branches in different regions. Using the extended genealogical method, i.e., examining the patrilineal (agnatic) and matrilineal (cognatic) lines not only of the Gorski family but also those of the other families related to them, several factors were found to have influenced the marriage market.One of the central ones is the location of the family’s land holdings when spouses were chosen from among familiar families residing in the neighbourhood (near Milžavėnai (the Dowgiałło, Michniewicz, Orwid, Pietkiewicz families), near Pilsūdai (the Piłsudski) in Samogitia, near Haradzeya estates (the Weryha-Darewski, Pawlikowski families) in Navahrudak voivodeship. Selection of future spouses also depended on client connections and the factor of confession (being a Reformed Evangelical); the area for the search of new candidates was expanded by remarriages (second, third marriages) of the members of the Gorski family and their spouses. To strengthen kinship ties with a particular family, the Gorski employed marriage strategies, when the representatives of that family (a) married members of the agnatic or cognatic lines of the family (male and female cousins), (b) remarried within several generations (for example, the second and the fourth), and (c) employed the tactic of close or double in-law marriage (two brothers of one family marry two sisters from another family). At the same time, such marriage configurations evolved into respective kinship formations.In the early eighteenth century, the two marriages of A. A. Gorski to close relatives, which were forbidden by the canons of the Roman Catholic Church, signalled the insularity of the marriage market for the families of the Samogitian power elite. On the other hand, the six marriages between the families of Billewicz (one of the most prominent families in the Duchy of Samogitia) and Gorski over the course of five generations as well as two cycles of the marital kinship of cousins show how by means of such a systematic marriage strategy the two families sought solidarity in order to maintain their presence in the local power elite. This example of the marriage policy of the Gorski family revealed the case of a regional nobility family, when in the longer term, with a changing status, the family’s marriage market narrowed down from the extensive network of kinship ties it had developed. Keywords: genealogy, kinship, Gorski, spouses, marriage, Samogitia.

DOI:
10.33918/25386549-202401002
ISSN:
0202-3342; 2538-6549
Subject area:
Istorija / History
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/42105
Updated:
2026-08-17 21:30:39
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