Gyvenimo ciklo atspindžiai dzūkių sapnuose

LTSapnai visais laikais buvo vertinami kaip paslaptingas žmogaus gyvenimo reiškinys, jiems teikta įrodymo, patvirtinimo galia. Moksliškai sapnus tyrinėti vengta iki pat XIX a. pab., kai psichoanalizei juos pasitelkė Sigmundas Freudas. Šiandien į sapnus žvelgiama iš įvairių mokslo sričių perspektyvų: juos analizuoja psichologai, psichoterapeutai, neuromokslininkai, sapnų folkloriškumą, jų kontekstus tyrinėja kultūros antropologai, etnologai. Remiantis etnologine prieiga šiame straipsnyje pristatomas dzūkių moterų požiūris į vadinamuosius pranašingus sapnus, lydėjusius reikšmingiausias jų gyvenimo patirtis. Sapno pasakojimas šiuo atveju virsta kultūriniu tekstu, prisodrintu kultūrinių, socialinių, religinių detalių. Raktažodžiai: ciklas, folkloras, moteris, naratyvas, sapnas.

ENThe subject of this paper is narratives of Dzūkian women related to their life cycles. The aim of the paper is to reveal the attitude of Dzūkian women towards prophetic dreams during three periods of their life related to marriage, giving birth and death. A dream can be analysed as an element both of psychoanalysis and narrative analysis. The research of folklore studies certifies that oneiroid stories correspond to the framework of the changing object of folklore science, therefore, they can be considered as a genre of modern folklore and analysed in different aspects. The results of this research suggest that the women who took part in this research tend to believe in the precognitive function of dreams. According to the respondents, the so-called prophetic or warning dreams are usually followed by a negative emotional load, they are not forgotten and remain vivid. The narratives of the analysed dreams are very different. Their plots show reflections of universal archetypes, religious symbols and experiences of individuals. Women tend to explain their dreams by themselves, relying on their intuition and their past dreams coming true.The women’s dreams involving love and marriage can be divided into the ones related and non-related to divination. The respondents who saw their beloved in their dreams said they connected their dreams and reality. While talking about the dreams related to men, the women mentioned not only positive memories but also painful experiences and reflections in dreams. Not many dreams related to giving birth were registered. However, they featured beautiful and bright images, feelings, symbols and a clear understanding that the dream represents a new life. The group of dreams with death is the largest one. Their stories are very different. Some of them reveal a message about the coming death by different symbols, while the others announce the coming threat directly, and sometimes the dead come to meet their alive relatives and give some directions, which are interpreted both as a frightening experience and care of the dead. During the research, the dreams of very different themes were accounted for. It is obvious that such dreams accompany people throughout their lives and can reflect all most important milestones.