"Praėjo amžiai, ir garsus vienuolynas tapo eiline kaimo cerkve": iš Vievio stačiatikių parapijos istorijos

LTSkirtingas Vievio ir kitų etninės Lietuvos stačiatikių vienuolynų istorijos interpretacijas, matyt, labiausiai sąlygoja faktas, kad Abiejų Tautų Respublikoje jie gyvavo, bet prasidėjus Rusijos imperijos okupacijai, XVIII a. pabaigoje – XIX a. pradžioje vienas po kito buvo uždaromi. Atrodytų, caro valdžia negalėjo likviduoti senų stačiatikybės židinių, juk toks likimas laukė graikų apeigų katalikų paveldo (kaip žinia, caras Nikolajus I 1839 m. prijungė pastaruosius prie Rusų Stačiatikių Bažnyčios). Šio straipsnio tikslas – išsiaiškinti, kaip ir kodėl tie židiniai vis dėlto buvo transformuoti: pasitelkus istoriografiją, archyvų fonduose saugomus ir publikuotus šaltinius ištirti Vievio stačiatikių vienuolyno virtimo parapija aplinkybes ir jos raidą XIX a., suaktualinti tautinių mažumų paveldo pažinimą. [p. 9].

ENAfter the Third Partition of the Republic of the Two Nations, at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Russian imperial authorities closed down the Orthodox monasteries that had declined after the Union of Brest. When it became clear that they could not be revived even after friars from other dioceses had been invited, the monasteries were transformed into parishes. The Orthodox monastery in Vievis was also among those closed. The article discusses the circumstances of its transformation into a parish and its development in the nineteenth century. The old history of Vievis attracts the attention of scholars because the first grammar of Church Slavonic was printed in the press of the Orthodox Fraternity of the Holy Spirit, which operated in the area in 1618–1619. In historical literature and the media, the past of the monastery of Vievis is still often mistakenly associated with the Greek Catholic (Uniate) heritage that was alien to it. Therefore, the aim is to point out once again that the chamberlain of Trakai, Duke Bogdan Oginski, founded the Orthodox churches and monasteries of Vievis and Kruonis as outposts of Orthodoxy against the established Greek Catholicism, and that they never became the property of the Catholics of the Greek rite. The Orthodox parish of Vievis was established in 1810, when the Orthodox monastery was abolished by the decree of the Holy Synod, and the Orthodox Church of the Assumption of the Mother of God was transferred to its care. The parish was no longer able to benefit from the spiritual and material heritage of the monastery, which had been there for almost two centuries but had declined. The existence of the parish, which came into being through political will, depended entirely on external factors: the support of the imperial authorities and the diocese.The latter successfully kept the parish alive: it paid the salary to the priest, who could hardly make a living, and to the church servants; in times of emergency, it attributed some Orthodox parishioners in the area of Vievis to the care of the other Orthodox churches, and, in the absence of an Orthodox church, it organised the services in more distant places of worship (Strėvininkai, Aukštadvaris); also, it sought money for repairs. The Orthodox Church of Vievis acquired its present architectural shape at the turn of the twentieth century.