Kaita ir nacionalinė tapatybė užsienio politikos studijose : Lietuvos atvejis

LTStraipsnyje gilinamasi į konstruktyvizmo teorinės prieigos analitines galimybes užsienio politikos tyrimuose. Išskiriami analizės elementai: vertybės, normos, nacionalinė tapatybė, jos poveikis valstybės užsienio ir saugumo politikos prioritetams, jų kaitai. Taikant teorinę konstruktyvizmo prieigą, straipsnyje nagrinėjamos Lietuvos nacionalinės tapatybės sąsajos su šalies užsienio politika, siekiama išskirti pagrindines vertybes ir normas, kurios buvo reikšmingiausios esminiuose užsienio politikos formavimo ir kaitos etapuose, ir taip atskleisti šalies nacionalinės tapatybės pokyčius. Lietuvos užsienio politikos raida skirstoma į keturis etapus, kurie ir žymi nacionalinės tapatybės ir šalies užsienio politikos kaitą: 1990-1994 m. – suverenumo įtvirtinimo, 1994-2004 m. – integracijos, 2004-2010 m. – euforijos, nuo 2010 m. – pragmatizmo ir specializacijos. Greta gilinamasi į santykio tarp „aš“ ir „kitas“ konstravimo procesą Lietuvos užsienio politikoje, apžvelgiant reikšmingiausius šalies užsienio politikos elementus. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Konstruktyvizmas; Lietuvos užsienio politika; Nacionalinė tapatybė; Tautinė tapatybė; Užsienio politika; Constructivism; Constructivism: Lithuanian foreign policy; Foreign policy; Lithuanian foreign policy; National identity.

ENConstructivism is one of the best developed and one of the most popular theoretical approaches in Foreign Policy analysis. The analytical tools of constructivism with its normative elements as values, norms, national identity are of fundamental importance for the deep and thorough foreign policy analysis. Constructivism helps to merge national and international analysis levels; it provides possibility to analyze and value foreign policy dynamics and to indicate the interdependence among foreign policy and national identity. While applying social constructivism, this article looks into the change of Lithuanian foreign policy and its ties with national identity, through the development and institutionalization of certain values and norms, as well as their inclusion into/and exclusion from foreign policy agenda. Evolution of Lithuanian foreign policy is seen through the lens of four periods: sovereignty period (1990-1994), period of integration into Euro-atlantic institutions (1994-2004), period of euphoria, when crucial foreign policy goals are reached and country starts to position itself in Euro-atlantic institutions (2004-2010), and the period of pragmatism and specialization (since 2010), when mainstreams, interests and goals within regional organizations are defined, and country can bring more attention to the process of specialized interest setting (energy security, nuclear safety and security, cyber security, ect.) within EU and NATO, including by closer cooperation with sub-regional countries Nordic, Baltic, as well as keeping in foreign policy agenda the promotion of Eastern European integration into EU and NATO.In the context of foreign policy dynamics, the perception of "we" and "the other" is one of the most interesting for constructivist scholars. The article identifies the dynamics of "we" category and basic trend in defining "the other" in Lithuanian foreign policy. Russia from the first years of independence was perceived as "the other", but this perception changed from direct antagonism to less direct perception of "the other", while seeking energy independence, taking care for nuclear safety, expressing of concerns vis a vis military buildup in Kaliningrad region, ect. The category of "we" is changing in time, while going from one period of Lithuanian foreign policy to the other. At the latest – the "we" perception is more segmented and overlapped. At the same time we are strengthening Nordic, Baltic identity and in parallel we are maintaining strong support for Eastern European countries as part of our foreign policy identity. [From the publication]