Mitopoetika lietuvių prozoje: tekstų interpretacija

LTŠis darbas yra teorinis bandymas apibrėžti mitopoetikos sąvoką ir tekstų, kuriuos galima vadinti mitopoetiniais, interpretacija. Analizuojami tekstai siejami su jų specifiškai artimomis - archetipine, simboline, ritualine - mito teorijomis, o S.T. Kondroto ir R. Gavelio romanai nagrinėjami kaip intelektualaus, sąmoningo mitologizavimo poetika. Analizei taikyti įvairūs interpretaciniai modeliai: C.G. Jungo archetipinis, semiotinis, V. Proppo „pasakos morfologija", M. Bachtino karnavalinės kultūros teorija. Interpretacijos objektu tapo tie tekstai, kuriuose dominuoja paradigmatinis, o ne siužetinis- pragmatinis pasakojimo lygmuo. Mitopoetinė proza neatsiejama nuo tradicijos plačiąja, T.S. Elioto šiai sąvokai teikta, prasme; tokios prozos atsiradimas literatūroje yra jos subrendimo požymis.

ENThe work is aiming at a theoretical attempt to define the concept of mythopoetics and for the interpretation of the texts which could be on the mythopoetical label. Mythopoetical prose and tradition in a broad sense, i.e. in that meaning which was ascribed to it by Thomas Stearns Eliot, make up an inseperable entity; the appearance of such prose indicates the maturity level of literature. The image of „immortalized", as if photographed, reality in Lithuanian literature became evident in the works of Vincas Krėvė and Antanas Vaičiulaitis in the 1930-1940s. To escape censorship, the so-called thaw period enabled a metapforical reflection of social reality. Juozas Aputis did so in his then unpublished novelette Skruzdėlynas Prūsijoje (An Ant-hill in Prussia). It is being discussed in the first part of the study as an example of the argumentation of the artistic-visual archetypical theory of a myth. This part also contains the interpretation of a fragment of Bronius Radzevičius' Pumpuras (A Bud). The analyzed texts reveal a mythological scheme - a cosmogonal act (of the world re-creation). The second part discusses the myth-symbol relation, analyses Antanas Škėma's Žingsniai ir laiptai (Steps and Stairs) and Saulius Tomas Kondrotas' Facecija (Facetiae) with the conclusion that the former is a symbolic generalization of an exodus situation and a drama of human existence, whereas the latter serves as „trick or lesson" on 20th- century society.The third part claims a maximal myth-ritual approximation and its identification with ideology, psychology and art in the 20th century. Juozas Erlickas' texts and Ramūnas Kasparavičius' novel Keturių sesučių darželis (A Flower Garden of Four Sisters) are analysed; both authors present the data of implicit mythology (rituals, rites) in a grotesque manner. Kasparavičius and Erlickas combine folklore oral and literary traditions. The literary characters of their texts become nearly folklore (of folk tales, myths) characters. Kondrotas and Gavelis are the major traditionalists and adapters of mythologisation of poetics in Lithuanian literature. The fourth part of the study Mitologinis romanas (A Mythological Novel) presents the interpretation of Kondrotas novel Ir apsiniauks žvelgiantys pro langą (Those Who Look out of the Window will Get Disappointed), as well as the analysis of the mythology of Gavelis' works. The final passage notes the idea that not only a myth can serve the basic for a literary plot, but also that the very litarature can sometimes become a mythical plot.