Tradicinio šokio fiksavimo metodika

LTStraipsnio tikslas - supažindinti su originalia tradicinio šokio fiksavimo sistema, vadinama Šokio stenografija, kurią sukūrė D. Urbanavičienė. Straipsnio įžanginėje dalyje "Šokio užrašymo (notacijos) sistemos pasaulyje ir Lietuvoje" apibendrintai apžvelgiamos tradiciniam šokiui skirtos šokio užrašymo sistemos, panaudojant istorinės ir lyginamosios analizės metodus. Pagrindinėje straipsnio dalyje aprašoma stenografinė šokio užrašymo sistema: išaiškinami jos pagrindiniai principai, šokėjų ir krypčių simboliai, choreografinių piešinių, susikabinimų, savarankiškų rankų judesių, žingsnių žymėjimai, stenografinės schemos sudarymas priklausomai nuo šokio tipo (grupinis šokis, šokamoji sutartinė, porinis šokis, kadrilinis šokis). Siūloma šią sistemą naudoti folklorinėse ekspedicijose fiksuojant tradicinį šokį, taip pat analizuojant ir kataloguojant šokius. Prieduose pateikiami įvairių šokio užrašymo sistemų užsienyje ir Lietuvoje pavyzdžiai (6), lietuvių tradicinių šokių aprašai stenografiniu būdu (7). [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Tradicinis (folklorinis) šokis; Etnochoreologija; Šokio notacija; Užrašymo sistema; Šokio stenografija; Stenografijos sistema; Simboliai; Choreografinis piešinys; Figūra; Susikabinimai; Žingsniai; Judesys; Traditional (folklore) dance; Ethnochoreology; Dance notation; System or recording; Dance stenography; System of stenography; Symbols; Choreographic drawing; Figure; Joining hands; Steps; Motion.

ENThe aim of this article is to introduce the original system of dance notation, the so-called dance stenography, created by Dalia Urbanavičienė, adapted to fix Lithuanian traditional dance. The systems of traditional (folk) dance description, the development of their creation, spreading, methodology, main principles etc. are reviewed in the introduction "The systems of dance description (notation) in the world and in Lithuania". Western European countries became the leaders in the development of notation systems, adapted to professional dance, but the methods of traditional dance description were created mostly in Eastern Europe (Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Ukraine) and in Scandinavian countries (Norway, Denmark). Most of the notation systems, adapted to traditional dance, were created in the countries where a traditional dance was alive and was perceived as the indication of national character. The notational systems of folk dance usually have only local importance. Universal, but more complicated Laban notation is used in ethnochoreology for international aims. Nevertheless, the verbal description of folk dance is the most popular in many countries. The verbal description is mainly used in Lithuania as well. The development of folk dance description in Lithuania, its positive and negative sides are reviewed in the introduction of the article. The first folk dance notation system in Lithuania - the method of dance stenography - is introduced in the main part of the article. This method is based on the specifics of Lithuanian traditional dance: it is mainly adapted to fix the group and couple dances, characteristic for Lithuanian ethnochoreography. The main principles of dance stenography are that the dance is decomposed, according to the type of dance, into separate levels (choreographical patterns, figures, steps etc.), that are synchronously co-ordinated with a melody.When the group dances and games, the danced sutartinės and the couple dances are fixed, the scheme of stenography is similar. The different scheme is formed for quadrille dances, but the main principles are the same. The choreography is marked using signs as well as the verbal terms, an abbreviated verbal description. The independent system of fixing is used for separate choreographic levels. For instance, the graphical symbols, showing the performers (men, women, mixed) and their position, dance direction, are used in the level of choreographical patterns. The fragment of joining hands (including 2-3 performers) is graphically showed in the level of joinings, the dance figure (including the position of defined number of dancers, joining hands and dance direction) is showed using symbols in the level of figure. In the level of independent movements of hands the rhythmic movements of arms (claps and others) are showed using signs, and the other movements of hands are described in abbreviated verbal way. In the level of steps the simple steps are marked using terms, and the system of signs (including the duration, direction and character of a step) is created to fix complicated steps. The big part of signs and terms, which have already taken roots in Lithuanian choreography, are incorporated into stenographical system, but the new signs, which let to shorten the dance description, are drawn into it too. This system is suggested for the usage in the field work, also for analysis and the catalogue of Lithuanian traditional dance. [From the publication]