The Kaunas Ghetto (1941-1944)

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ENIn terms of the size and the importance of the Jewish community in Kaunas, it was second only to the Jewish community in Vilnius. With their Slobodka (Vilijampolė) yeshiva, Hebrew education system, and Zionist activities, Kaunas Jews were famous throughout Eastern Europe. According to unofficial Statistics Department data, there were 32,595 Jews living in Kaunas as of January 1, 1941 (20.84 percent of the population). The history of the Kaunas Jewish community and its decimation during the Nazi occupation has attracted great interest among the world’s historians. The fate of Kaunas Jews during the German occupation has primarily been examined by historians from Israel, Lithuania, and Germany. However, no academic research has yet been written that summarizes the Kaunas Ghetto in the way that Israeli historian Prof. Yitzhak Arad’s monograph summarizes the Vilnius Ghetto. Most of Israeli historical work and the memoirs of Kaunas Holocaust survivors are written in Hebrew, so they are inaccessible to most foreign historians. This is why the author of this article based his research on literature published in Lithuanian, German, Russian, English, and Polish. When it comes to piecing together the history of the Kaunas Ghetto, surviving diaries and memoirs are a very important source. Literature of this genre has been published in many different languages. [p. 162].

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