Turtas ir priteklius. "Mitologinės ekonomikos" metmenys

LTStraipsnis priklauso plačiai sutvėrimo-ištvėrimo temai, nagrinėjamai kelių pastarųjų metų autoriaus darbuose. Jau išnagrinėtas akmeniu, uola upę tvenkiančio, vandens tėkmę stabdančio velnio ar slibino motyvas, kurio viena iš atšakų - slibino užgniaužtas turtas, mitologijoje paprastai perteikiamas lobį saugančio slibino vaizdiniu. Taigi užtvenktas vanduo, sustabdyta tėkmė ir paslėptas turtas, lobis - vienos rūšies vaizdiniai, menantys sutvėrimą. Savo ruožtu ištvėrimą mena Perkūno sugriauta užtvanka, paleista lietis tėkmė ir atitinkamai atrastas, išgautas ir apyvarton paleistas lobis, kuris iš suturėto turto virsta ištekliumi ir lemia priteklių. Apie tai, pasitelkiant lyginamuosius, istorinių šaltinių, tautosakos ir kalbos duomenis, kaip tik kalbama šiame straipsnyje. Pakeliui išryškėja savotiški „mitologinės ekonomikos“ metmenys. Prasminiai žodžiai: lobis; paslėptas ir paleistas apyvarton turtas; išteklius, perteklius, priteklius; tradicinė ekonomika; sutvėrimas ir ištvėrimas; lietuvių ir lyginamoji mitologija.

ENA series of articles has already been published by the author on the opposition between coagulation and solution in mythology, a particular aspect of which consists of the stagnation (standing, stagnant, “dead” water) and flow (flowing, streaming, “living” water). This wide theme also pertains to mythical images of the spring, fount, stream obstructed or banked up by a stone or rock (the stone itself being an image of final coagulation, stagnation, stiffness) and, in its turn, of the overthrown, demolished, or split-apart rock and the stream launched out from (below of) it. In mythology, the obstruction is usually done and impersonated by the Devil, while the demolition by its worst enemy, the Thunder-God. However, in actual texts, these mythical personas are often represented by various agents, as animals, anthropomorphic, or human beings. In a recent pair of articles, the serpent-dragon damming up water and a treasure-guarding dragon were under consideration.This way, a structural correspondence between dammed up stream and hidden treasure emerges, which also applies to the launched-out stream and treasure obtained and put into circulation. It should be noted that Lith. turtas “wealth” derives from turėti “have” and finally from (su)tverti “take, get hold, hold (fast)”, “hold down, obstruct, fence in”, “coagulate, solidify”; while pri-teklius “inflow, abundance”, in its turn, has one root with tekti “fall into hands” which is strongly intertwined with tekėti “flow, stream” (cf. ар-tekti “flood in, overflow”, pra-tekti “seep, leak” etc.). The same “flowing” semantics belong to Eng. “inflow” (overtly) and “abundance, abound” which derive from Latin abundans “abounding”, ab-undare “flood, overflow, inundate”, finally from unda “wave, water, tide”. Therefore, mythology implicitly recommends converting the stagnant wealth into flowing income. Thus, outlines of a peculiar “mythological economics” surface in conclusion.