ENThe publication focuses on the wide range of activities and organization of school administration in the Vilnius (Wilno) Region of the Republic of Poland in the years 1919-1939. The working conditions of school administration in the north-eastern territories were among the most inconvenient in the entire Commonwealth of Poland. Some external factors (wide range of inspection areas, unfavorable terrain to visit), the lack of proper communication infrastructure, enormous impact of war damage, and the poverty of the local population occured difficult obstacles to overcome. Additionally, the Vilnius (Wilno) Region remained underinvested and marginalized throughout the entire interwar period. The activity and structure of school authorities in the periods of existing of: the Civil Administration of Eastern Territories, Central Lithuania, Vilnius (Wilno) Administrative District, and Vilnius Voivodeship were presented in this article. The competences of the local school superintendent and inspectors were also shown in this text. Keywords: Vilnius (Wilno) Region, school administration, ministry, school board, school in spectorate.