Kadrų politikos nacionaliniai aspektai sovietinėje Lietuvoje 1944-1953 metais

Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Žurnalų straipsniai / Journal articles
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Kadrų politikos nacionaliniai aspektai sovietinėje Lietuvoje 1944-1953 metais
Alternative Title:
National aspects of cadre's policy in Soviet Lithuania in 1944-1953
In the Journal:
Lietuvos istorijos metraštis Yearbook of Lithuanian History, 2025, 1, 153-179
Summary / Abstract:

LTStraipsnyje aptariama sovietinių bei partinių kadrų politikos ypatybės Lietuvos SSR 1944–1953 metais. Kremlius ne tik ragino Lietuvos vadovus greičiau „apvalyti“ administracinį aparatą nuo „buržuazinių kadrų“, bet ir kritikavo respublikos partinius vadovus, kad jie „silpnai iškelia į vadovaujamas pareigas“ lojalius sovietinei valdžiai lietuvius. LKP(b) CK aktyviai įgyvendino abu uždavinius: nuo nepatikimų buržuazinių kadrų pirmiausia „apvalytos“ centrinės respublikos institucijos, o daugiausia lietuvių „iškelta“ į sovietinį administracinį, ūkinį aparatą provincijoje. Maskva liko patenkinta lietuvių „iškėlimo“ į administracinį ir biurokratinį aparatą tempais ir pobūdžiu. Tokia kadrų politika atitiko ir LKP(b) CK pirmojo sekretoriaus Antano Sniečkaus interesus – kadrai lietuvėjo ten, kur jų labiausiai trūko – vietos valdžioje. A. Sniečkus, pasinaudodamas SSKP CK nutarimais, 1953 m. pavasarį inicijavo respublikos partinio- sovietinio valdžios elito lietuvinimą. Į LKP ir LSSR vadovaujamus postus iškelti partijos veikėjai lietuviai. Lietuvių skaičius išaugo ir visų lygių (LKP CK, miestų, miestų rajkomų, kaimo rajkomų) partiniame aparate. Raktiniai žodžiai: Lietuvos komunistų partija, Antanas Sniečkus, kadrų politika, partinis aparatas, nacionalinis klausimas, rusifikacija.

ENMoscow, implementing its cadre’s policy, combined the Russification of the party-Soviet apparatus in Soviet Lithuania with the promotion of the titular nation – Lithuanians – loyal to the Soviet government to leadership positions. In an October 1946 resolution, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (bolshevik) called on the Lithuanian party leadership to ensure the training of new national cadres and to “purge” the Soviet-bureaucratic apparatus of unreliable, “bourgeois cadres.” The party leadership of the Soviet Union also criticized Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania (bolshevik) “weakly promoting Lithuanians loyal to the government to leadership positions”. The Central Committee of the CPL(b) implemented both tasks: first of all, the central institutions of the republic were “cleansed” of unreliable, bourgeois cadres, and the majority of Lithuanians were “promoted” to the Soviet administrative and economic apparatus in the provinces (districts, municipalities). Moscow was satisfied with the pace and nature of the “promotion” of Lithuanians into the administrative and bureaucratic apparatus. This personnel policy was also in line with the interests of the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPL(b) Antanas Sniečkus, who placed Lithuanians where they were most needed – in the local government. However, even such a cautious policy of promoting Lithuanian cadres to leadership positions caused tensions between Lithuanians appointed to leadership positions and newcomers, usually Russians holding lower positions. Russians accused Lithuanians in their complaints to Moscow of patronizing their compatriots and of “bourgeois nationalism.” However, such a reaction from newcomers did not stop the policy of promoting Lithuanian cadres.In June 1952, the plenum of the Central Committee of the CPL(b) decided to “be more bold in promoting new, well-performing Lithuanian cadres to leadership positions.” Such a plenum resolution was adopted with Moscow’s approval. The cautious and limited policy of promoting local cadres to leadership positions, controlled by Moscow and supervised by the Lithuanian Communist Party, satisfied the Kremlin, and also met the interests of A. Sniečkus. The situation changed in the spring and summer of 1953, when Moscow ordered the “wider promotion of Lithuanian cadres” in all branches of the party, Soviet and economic apparatus. A. Sniečkus, taking advantage of the resolutions of the CPSU Central Committee, initiated the Lituanization of the republic’s party and Soviet power elite in the spring of 1953. Lithuanian party figures were promoted to leading positions in the party and government. The number of Lithuanians also increased in all levels of the party apparatus in province. However, the leadership of CPL and personally A. Sniečkus were unable to control the turnover of cadres in the provinces – Russian newcomers were dismissed from their posts on the grounds of lack of knowledge of the Lithuanian language. After the arrest of Lavrentiy Beria, the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, A. Sniečkus, acknowledged mistakes in cadre and national policy, but did not abandon the priority of promoting Lithuanian cadres. Keywords: Communist Party of Lithuania, Antanas Sniečkus, cadre’s policy, party apparatus, national question, russification.

DOI:
10.33918/25386549-202501005
ISSN:
0202-3342; 2538-6549
Subject area:
Related Publications:
Permalink:
https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/41786
Updated:
2026-08-13 22:29:49
Metrics:
Views: 2
Export: