Energetikos reformų Centrinėje Europoje pamokos pertvarkant Lietuvos energetikos ūkį
LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjami energetikos ūkio pertvarkymo klausimai, išryškinami esami sunkumai ir trūkumai. Didelis dėmesys skiriamas Centrinės Europos šalių energetikos reformų patirties analizei. Nagrinėjamos galimybės pritaikyti kitų šalių patirtį, reformuojant Lietuvos energetiką. Nurodomi pagrindiniai energetikos pertvarkymo tikslai, pagrindžiama jų įgyvendinimo būtinybė. Remiantis Centrinės Europos patirtimi ir esamos padėties analize, pateikiami pasiūlymai, įgalinantys užtikrinti efektyvų Lietuvos energetikos funkcionavimą ir sėkmingą integraciją į ES energijos rinkas.
ENArticle deals with the energy sector reforms in Central Europe and the lessons learned restructuring Lithuanian energy sector. The results achieved in Central Europe and future challenges are presented in the article. The main principles of energy sector restructuring in line with EU directives are described. Further liberalisation of the market and the creation of competitive environment for the energy sector are foreseen. Relevant legislation is to be developed and approximated to the Acquis Communautaire to create favourable conditions for the integration of Lithuanian energy sector into the EU internal energy market. Since 1989 important steps towards restructuring the energy economies and their liberalisation and even privatisation have been taken. Certain contributions were made by policy and decision-makers from the Central European countries such as Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania and others. But the progress in the Baltic States is too slow compared with the more advanced reforming countries, particularly Poland, and - more importantly - with West European countries that presently undertake a dramatic market-oriented reform of their electricity and - less - gas industries. Non-action has a price. This price meant higher-than-necessary energy intensities, pollution and losses, a slower-than-possible turnover of the energy-relevant capital stock, and higher energy supply costs than a competitive market would admit. Moreover, higher energy costs in manufacturing goods reduce their international competitiveness. In Lithuania energy sector reform started from heat sector'. In 1997 centralised heat supply enterprises were separated from electricity sector and transferred to the Municipalities ownership. In the next stage the demonopolisation of heat sector and privatisation will follow.
