"Naujas pramonės miestas": Alytaus miesto urbanistinė raida 1964-1996 m

LTStraipsnyje analizuojant miesto planavimo dokumentus ir periodinę spaudą atskleidžiama Alytaus urbanistinės struktūros raida ir jos bruožai, susiformavę nuo 1964 m., kai buvo patvirtinta „Perspektyvinė pramonės išdėstymo ir miestų išvystymo schema“, kurioje numatyta, jog Alytus kartu su kitais keturiais Lietuvos miestais bus plėtojamas kaip industrinis-regioninis centras, iki 1996 m., kada baigtas įgyvendinti senosios Alytaus miesto aikštės modernizacijos projektas. Taip pat išryškinama, jog: 1) sovietmečiu Alytaus plėtra - tai šalia istoriškai susiformavusios miesto dalies statomas naujas industrinis miestas: gyvenamieji mikrorajonai, pramonės mazgas ir naujas miesto centras; 2) naujo pramoninio miesto ryškiausia ir reikšmingiausia urbanistinė struktūra - pramonės mazgas; 3) siekiant sujungti naują industrinį ir senąjį miestą į vientisą struktūrą kuriami konceptualiai tarpusavyje susieti skirtingomis funkcijomis pasižymintys miesto centrai. Raktažodžiai: Alytaus miestas, sovietmetis, industrializacija, urbanizacija.

ENThe aim of the article is to reveal the urban development of Alytus City and its peculiarities through the analysis of archive documents of the city planning and periodicals. The development of Alytus City till 1996 was determined by the Prospect Scheme of Distribution of Industry and Development of Cities adopted in 1964. In 1996 the project of reconstruction of the Old City square was completed. During the Soviet period, the direction of the development of Alytus City was drawn by the regional planning of Lithuanian territory - the Prospect Scheme of Distribution of Industry and Development, which determined making Alytus an industrial regional centre, i.e., establishment of new industrial enterprises and radical increase of the population. In 1960s, according to the planned growth of the city, Pramprojektas (Industrial Project) designed a layout of new functional zones: a plan of distribution of residential and industrial districts of Alytus. The city was developed on the left bank of the Nemunas towards the West and North West, next to the historically formed town. The article emphasizes that the development of Alytus, which was determined during the Soviet period, was not an integral part of the old town but rather the creation of a new city.During the Soviet period, the most important and largest urban structure of Alytus was the industrial district, where construction and development of industrial enterprises, the so called “industrial giants”, and “large enterprise” was going on nonstop since 1965. The Industrial district was built using the concept of “industrial nod” of 1964, which in 1974 was amended and expanded. The contemporaries considered it to be one of the best industrial regions in Lithuania. Rapid industrialization attracted a large number of new-dwellers, which resulted in a demographic crisis in Alytus - a lack of apartments. In order to satisfy the needs of the citizens, new residential districts were designed: Dainava, Putinai, Vidzgiris and Likiškėliai, the construction of which was directed not towards the creation of peculiar urban structures but building as many apartments as possible, thus solving a problem of residence. During the Soviet years, an image of Alytus as a constantly growing city was formed. In order to emphasize the creation of a new industrial city and its rapid development, Alytus was called a “young city” or a “young man”.The development of Alytus City was completed by the modernization of the Old Town square and an attempt to join two separate parts of the city- the Industrial town and Old town - into an integral urban structure. The project of 1964 estimated to transfer the City centre into the New town, just under construction, so two City centres appeared. However, the designers of the General City Development Plan of 1982 were looking for decisions on how to link those two centres. It was decided to retain the two centres - the Old one and the New- but with different functions. The public buildings between them were supposed to join both parts of the city. The urban development of Alytus City during the Soviet period was a drastic and rapid construction of a new industrial city near the historically formed town and an attempt to join these two cities into an integral urban structure.

• Sociologija / Sociology
• Istorija / History