ENThe purpose of the article is not to present the events but the historical truth. Henryk Sienkiewicz was not a historian and therefore subordinated the events to his historical concept. Patriotic purposes of the novel, historic philosophy and moral attitude of Henryk Sienkiewicz contributed to it. Keywords: Henryk Sienkiewicz, “the Deluge”, Lithuania in the years 1654 to 1657, Polish- -Soviet War 1654-1667.