Nusikalsti linkusių paauglių santykis su šeima

LTTyrimo objektas - nusikalsti linkusio paauglio santykis su šeima. Tyrimo problema apima šiuos klausimus: Kaip nusikalsti linkę paaugliai suvokia santykį su savo artimiausia aplinka - šeima? Ar šeima nusikalsti linkusiems paaugliams tampa modeliu, iš kurio jie mokosi elgesio, vertybių, normų? Tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti, kaip paauglys, linkęs nusikalsti, suvokia savo šeimos aplinką. Straipsnis sudarytas iš trijų dalių: pirmoje dalyje aptariama šeima - pirminė vaiko ugdymo institucija, taip pat žvelgiama į išmokimo kaip ugdymo veiksnio šeimoje funkcionavimą. Antroji dalis supažindina su tyrimo metodologija paauglio šeimos suvokimui ištirti. Trečiojoje dalyje apibendrinami tyrimo rezultatai, išryškinant šeimos aplinkos svarbą nusikalsti linkusio paauglio gyvenime. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, jog nusikalsti linkę paaugliai suvokia santykių su šeimos nariais netolygumą, epizodiškumą. Respondentai įvykdytą nusikaltimą sieja su galimu tolesniu santykių tarp jų ir šeimos narių blogėjimu. Paauglystės amžiaus tarpsnį kaip asmenybės raidos proceso etapą tiriantys autoriai pabrėžia vieną iš paauglystės raidos tarpsnio ypatumų - autonomijos siekimą. Atliktas tyrimas atskleidė, jog dėl disfunkcinės ar iš dalies disfunkcinės nusikalsti linkusio paauglio šeimos aplinkos, rūpinimosi, kontrolės nebuvimo paaugliai tampa „autonomiški" priverstinai. Tokiose situacijose pernelyg didelė autonomija neretai tampa nekontroliuojamo, socialiai nepriimtino paauglių elgesio priežastimi.

ENThe most important role during the developmental phase of adolescence is attributed to family. The experience gathered in this period remains very important during the rest of individuals' life and in his/her relations with other people. Overseas scholars investigate the importance of family environment in the formation process of socially acceptable or delinquent behavior. Family is one of the most important social influence groups for juveniles. Family which does not respond to the child needs stimulates the search for behavioral models outside its boundaries. Frequently, such behavioral models are socially unacceptable or delinquent. Juvenile delinquency is the part of common criminality, one of the causes for the criminal behavior in adulthood. Sustaining the numbers, which presents Prisons Department of Lithuania (2007), and Statistical Department of Lithuania (2007), the rate of juveniles, who were sentenced to imprisonment, decreases annually. During the year 2003 - 306 juveniles were imprisoned, comparing with the year 2006 when 149 juveniles were sentenced to imprisonment. Relationally declined numbers of juveniles, who were sentenced to imprisonment may be associated with the changes of Lithuanian Republic Penal code in the year 2003, which project lightened penalties for juveniles, who had committed different crimes. Statistical information, presented by Centre for Crime Prevention in Lithuania (2007), show that the number of crimes made by juveniles in comparison with common criminality rates in Lithuania, constantly grows. The discrepancy of statistical numbers may lead to inadequate perception of problem extent and the demand for its solution. Family environment is one of the possible risk factors which may have contribution to the growth of juvenile delinquency rates.The aim of the research Is to measure the way how the juvenile, who has the tendency to behave in criminal manner, perceives his family environment. The research problem includes the hallowing questions: How juveniles, who have tendency to behave in criminal manner, perceive the relation with their closest environment - family? Does the family serve as a model, whereof juveniles learn behavior, values, standards? The research focus is - the relation of the juvenile, who has tendency to behave in criminal manner, with his family. The first part of the article focuses on family as the primary nurturing institution of the child; also it is being looked at the learning from family environment as to one of the educational factors. Juveniles intercept values, attitudes, standards and particular behavioral models from their families during the process of socialization. They become prepared for life outside the boundaries of their closest environment. The experience, gathered from family environment, has important role for the rest of individuals' life in the relations with other people, also in the formation process of social acceptable or delinquent behavioral models. Important role in individual nurturing has: family composition, relations between family members, emotional parental relations with the child, paternity styles. The second part introduces the methodology on research. The qualitative episodic narrative interview was accomplished using original research instrument which consist of five topics, commonly -13 questions. The interview was performed with six juveniles, who serve their Imprisonment sentence at one of the detention institutions in Lithuania. The third part of the article summarizes research data, highlighting the importance of family environment in the live of juvenile, who has tendency to behave in criminal manner.Empirical research showed the contradiction: juveniles, who have tendency to behave in criminal manner, gives the extreme meaning to family Institute in their lives, however they did not mention the family in the list of values, which were rated as most important Juveniles have weak, uneven, episodic relations with their families. The relation with mother is being kept as crucial by juveniles, though it is also weak and episodic. The lack of the relations with the father is evident. Participants of the research learned the way how to live independently primarily from their families. Independence is understood as being separately from their families, running out from homes. The aggressive solution ways of different problems is being kept by families as appropriate in many situations. Juveniles learn solution methods based on aggressive behavior mostly from their family members.