Bažnytinės unijos palikimo beieškant: XVII–XVIII a. Lietuvos bazilijonų teologijos užrašai biografistiniu požiūriu

LTStraipsnyje analizuojamas Lietuvos mokslų akademijos Vrublevskių bibliotekos Rankraščių skyriuje, Lietuvos pravoslavų konsistorijos fonde (f. 41) saugomų įvairiems bazilijonų ordino (lot. Ordo Sancti / Divi Basilii Magni, OSBM / ODBM) nariams priklausiusių teologijos kursų užrašų rinkinys. Šio ordino nariai, būdami graikų apeigų katalikai, pounijiniu laikotarpiu, XVII–XVIII a., neturėdami išplėtotos savos dvasininkų paruošimo sistemos, buvo lavinami jėzuitiškoje sistemoje. Išlikę teologijos, svarbiausios dvasininkų ruošimo disciplinos, užrašai leidžia ne tik pažvelgti, kam priklausė ir kur buvo surašyti vieni ar kiti rankraštiniai užrašai, bet taip pat atskleisti galimus šių vienuolių ryšius su kitais, lotynų apeigų katalikais, studijavusiais kartu, tose pačiose vietose. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Bazilijonai; Unitai; Bažnytinė unija; Teologija; Teologijos studijos; 17 amžius; 18 amžius; Jėzuitai; Jėzaus Draugija; Popiežiškoji seminarija; Alumnatas; Branevas; Vilnius; Roma; Olomoucas; Praha; Basilians; Uniates; Church Union; Theology; Theological studies; 17-18th centuries; Jesuits; Society of Jesus; Pontifical Roman seminary; Alumnate; Braniewo; Vilnius; Rome; Olomouc; Prague.

ENThe Union of Brest (1596) marked a new period in the history of Christianity. Both Catholic and Orthodox Churches achieved unity (at least in the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth) albeit with concessions on the Orthodox side. However, the newly-formed Uniate church lacked administrative resources that would allow it to recruit and train its clergy in the specially designed educational system. Although several attempts were made to establish an institution of higher education for the Uniate clergy, none of them were at least partially successful. The Catholic Church offered the solution of its own: papal seminaries or alumnates aimed at the youth and originating from the regions affected by the Reformation or those located in the close vicinity of the other religious adversary, the Orthodox Church. The Society of Jesus, the most influential religious order of the post-Tridentate Church, was particularly interested in the matters of the Union and was instrumental in its design. One particularly important feat accomplished by the Society was its role in the reformation of the Basilian Order. With the help of the Jesuits, the loose congregation of monasteries was transformed into a fully-functional religious order governed by the central hierarchy. It was also the educational system governed by the Society of Jesus that allowed further development of the close ties between the two orders. This article seeks to present the studies of the Basilian monks in a slightly different, more biographical nature by studying the notes of theology courses attended by Basilian monks. The article shows who, where, and when studied at the Catholic schools in the early modern period. Based on the surviving notes currently kept at the Manuscript Department of the Wróblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, one can conclude that the students who left the notes mainly studied in Rome, Braunsberg, Vilnius, and, to a much smaller extent, in Prague and Olomouc.While not all of these manuscripts can be attributed to particular individuals with the utmost certainty, among the manuscripts one can identify those that belonged to the students who achieved the highest ranks of the Basilian Order and/or the Uniate Church, such as protoarchimandrites Pachomius Ohilewicz, Maximilian Wilczyński, and Polycarpus Mihunewicz, bishops Arsenius Cybulski and Maximilian Ryllo, among others. Other notes show possible connections between the Basilian monks and Latin Catholic students. It is quite likely that some kind of manuscript exchange was practised between the schools and therefore one could say that it was the studies that stimulated that favourable environment in which the idea of the Church Union could thrive in the community of the Catholic Church, both Latin and Greek. [From the publication]