Klaipėdos kraštas 1945-1960 m.: naujos visuomenės kūrimasis ir jo atspindžiai šeimų istorijose

LTKolektyvinis keturių Klaipėdos universiteto mokslininkių Sigitos Kraniauskienės, Silvos Pocytės, Ruth Leiserowitz, Irenos Sutinienės tyrimo rezultatas - monografija apie visuomenės pokyčius 1945-1960 m. buvusiame Klaipėdos krašte. Po Antrojo pasaulinio karo šio krašto, kaip unikalaus savarankiško teritorinio darinio su savita valdymo sąranga ir kultūrine tapatybe, nebeliko, bet jo istoriniai pėdsakai vis dar jaudina daugelio vaizduotę. Jo nerasime dabartiniame Lietuvos administraciniame žemėlapyje, tačiau tai istorinė, kultūrinė teritorija, egzistuojanti daugelio sąmonėje kaip itin savitas Lietuvos regionas, paženklintas politinių, demografinių, socialinių virsmų, kurie po Antrojo pasaulinio karo suformavo visiškai kitokią visuomenę, nei buvo iki tol. [...] Pasakojimas apie naujos visuomenės kūrimąsi Klaipėdos krašte pagrįstas ne tik rašytinių istorinių šaltinių analize, bet ir ikonografine medžiaga bei įvykių amžininkų pasakojimais. Surinktuose interviu užfiksuoti asmenų patyrimai ir šeimų istorijos. Jose atsiskleidžia pokario Klaipėdos krašto paveikslas, kupinas dramatiškų netekčių ar kasdienio džiaugsmo detalių, siužetų apie sugyvenimą ir atskirtį. 97 informantai - krašto vietiniai senbuviai, lietuviai iš įvairiausių Lietuvos kampelių, kitakalbiai atvykėliai iš buvusių sovietinių respublikų - yra šios knygos bendraautoriai. Jų atmintis monografijoje jungiasi su oficialiuoju istoriniu pasakojimu, o publikuojamos nuotraukos iš jų šeimos albumų leidžia išvysti Klaipėdos krašto kasdienybę pokariu. [...]. [Iš Pratarmės]Reikšminiai žodžiai: 20 amžius; Klaipėda; Visuomenė; Ekonomika; Miestai; Šeima; The Lithuanian XX c. history; The society; Economy; Cities; Family.

ENThe focus of the study presented in the monograph is on the processes of post-war society development in Klaipėda region in 1945-1960. The chronologic framework of the study defines the key changes in the population of the region. In the period 1945-1951 newcomers arrived and setded the area alongside the remaining indigenous population and repatriated indigenous people who fled to the West (mosly to Germany) in 1944. In 1958-1960 a large part of the latter moved to East or West Germany again. Therefore, it is clear that an analysis of the significant ethnic, cultural and ideological heterogeneity of the region’s post-war society, which was determined by two distinct groups, the indigenous and new-comers, can refer to the period before 1960. Later, the Klaipėda region lost this uniqueness and became part of a rather homogeneous Soviet society. The end of the war marked a significant turning point in the history of the Klaipėda region. The developments in the post-war period, i.e., the processes of Sovietisation, took place in the Soviet Lithuanian context, but under different conditions than in the Lithuanian Soviet Republic. There were two serious differences: on the one hand, the area had no experience of Sovietisation and, on the other hand, it was almost depopulated in the spring of 1945. The processes of the shaping of the post-war society and the current memories of its members have not yet been examined. This study investigates the lifestyles, interactions, communication behaviour, and social adjustment patterns of the various post-war population groups, as well as constituency and change of their regional identities. In addition to the city of Klaipėda, situations in small towns and village communities also were analysed.In order to investigate these processes, historical and sociological methods were applied, the latter consisting of the biographical method as well as analysis of demographic data. The study is based on life and family stories, which were compiled on the basis of interviews involving 97 persons. The interviews were conducted among autochthons population of the Klaipėda region and immigrants who settled here after the Second World War. During the study, 1,182 photos from the informants' family albums were collected and digitized. In addition to life and family stories, the official documentary sources were analysed. This resulted in a presentation that tells the history of the political, social and economic changes of the post-war period primarily from the individual perspectives of the inhabitants, including, to a large part, memories of childhood and adolescence. The authors attached great importance to subjecting the narratives of the surveys to the discourse analysis and to underpinning them with historical facts and statistics from an institutional perspective. [...]. [Extract, p. 467-468]