Skurdas kaimo vietovėse Lietuvoje

LTŠiame straipsnyje analizuojamas skurdo paplitimas kaimo vietovėse šalies apskrityse, skurstančiojo portretas. Tyrimui įgyvendinti naudoti „Pajamų ir gyvenimo sąlygų“ tyrimo 2015 m. pirminiai duomenys. Duomenų analizei naudojama aprašomoji statistika bei dviejų žingsnių ir k vidurkių klasterinė analizės. Klasterizacijos rezultatai pateikiami šalies žemėlapyje. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad Lietuvoje skurdas telkiasi kaime. Po socialinių išmokų skurdas išlieka aukštas. Didžiausia dalis skurstančiųjų asmenų kaime buvo Utenos apskrityje. Charakterizuojant skurstantį kaimo vietovėje asmenį, remiantis tyrimo duomenimis, galima įvardinti kaip: ekonomiškai neaktyvų (nedirbantį ar pensinio amžiaus sulaukusį) asmenį, kurio išsilavinimas svyruoja nuo pradinio iki vidurinio. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe high poverty rate in a country is always on topic in mass media, it‘s one of the first priorities in the current government cabinet agenda. The poverty was analyzed Ivaškaitė and Lazutka (2006); Daugirdas et all (2013), Zabarauskaitė and Gruževskis (2015). Hovewer, the teritorial dimension of poverty wasn‘t analyzed in previous researches. This analyzes try cover the gap of knowledges about the teritorial aspect of poverty in Lithuania. So, the goal of this study is to analyze the spread of poverty in rural areas in regions of Lithuania. The poverty usually is defined as insufficient income. The European countries the concept of insufficient income defined as the income below 60 percent of equivalised income mediana. This indicator was called as a threshold of poverty. The poverty as concept is overlap with the term of social exclusion, on other hand social exclusion is more broader definition, which includes the relations. The reasons of poverty in rural areas is insufficient infrastructure for work, lower opportunities to get good education and so on. For this study it was used primary data of Survey of income and living conditions in Lithuania in 2015. For the teritorial analyses of poverty the k-means and two-step cluster analysis were used. The living conditions; financial situation and characteristics of people in poverty were the indicators for clustering. The characteristics of people in poverty analyses was based on three main indicators: education, main activity and income. For the analyses of the spread of groups in poverty in rural areas, these indicators were clusterized. The part of people in poverty was claculated before and after social transfers, in order to identify the impact of social benefits for poverty reduction. The miminimal consumption income threshold was used in order to analyse what part of people remains with income lower than the minimal consumption level after social transfers.The findings of research show that poverty is spread in Lithuanian rural areas. The poverty level is higher in rural areas about ten percent than it is in urban areas. The poverty overall and poverty in living conditions is highest in Utena region rural areas. The poverty remains high even after social transfers in Utena. The highest impact of social tranfers for poverty reduction was in Marijampole, after social transfers only tenth of population remains with income lower than minimal consumption level. The people living below poverty rate in rural areas turned out to be economically inactive persons who are unemployed or retired, their highest education is between primary and secondary education and their disposable income per capita per month are lower or equal 200 EUR. By poverty in financial situation, which was based on respondents opinion, the worst situation was in Marijampole rural areas. People experience the bigger difficulties to pay unexpected expencies, loans in Marijampole district rural areas. There was noticed contradiction between respondents opinion in their financial situation and poverty based on their income after social trasfers. [From the publication]