Polityka bezpieczeństwa morskiego państw bałtyckich wobec uwarunkowań i możliwości małych flot wojennych

ENThe security of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia is significantly influenced by the strategic rivalry between NATO and Russia. The geographical positions of these states, along with their lack of strategic depth, render them particularly vulnerable to threats in the maritime domain. This article aims to present and assess the maritime security policies of the Baltic States in light of contemporary challenges, considering the unique characteristics of small navies. The analysis employs a comparative method, case studies and an examination of NATO and regional strategic documents. The findings reveal that limited financial, technological and human resources shape the development of specialised fleets focused on niche capabilities – primarily mine countermeasures, maritime patrols and the protection of critical infrastructure – while ensuring full interoperability with allies. Despite increasing maritime cooperation within NATO, the lack of a coordinated trilateral strategy among Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia hinders the full utilisation of their potential. Prospects for developing anti-submarine warfare and air defence capabilities remain limited, reinforcing the reliance of maritime security on allied integration and specialisation in selected domains. Keywords: maritime security of the state, Baltic States, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, small navies, Baltic Sea, NATO, Russia.