Kūrybos komunikacija teatre: dailininko atvejis (1920–1940)

LTNemažai yra rašyta apie teatro scenos ir žiūrovų komunikaciją, tačiau apie kūrėjų ryšius, kūrybos komunikaciją išsamių studijų nėra. Straipsnyje dėmesys skiriamas kūrybos komunikacijos procesui, jo eigai, siekiama išsiaiškinti dailininko iniciatyvumo galimybes, jo kūrybos identifikaciją, nes scenografija sudaro tik dalį visos šiuolaikiname teatre kuriamos vaizdinės kalbos. Tyrinėjami teatro dailininko funkcijos ir jo tapatumo klausimai, kurie iškyla bendradarbiaujant. Analizuojamas įvairių profesijų dailininkų įnašas į teatro atsinaujinimo procesą, teatro dailės ryšiai su atlikėjo menu, santykiai su režisieriais, atskleidžiamas dailininko individualybės vaidmuo ir sąlygų reikšmė. Išsiaiškinama, jog tarpukario teatras dailininko dėka išbandė žanrų, raiškos galimybių įvairovę, įvertino dailininko iniciatyvumą ir savarankiškumą. Problema sprendžiama pasitelkus komunikacijos teorijas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Dekoracija; Kūrybinis dialogas; Kūrybos komunikacijos procesas; Lietuvos teatras; Scenovaizdis; Teatro dailininkas; Creative communication; Creative dialog; Lithuanian theater; Process of creative communication; Set design; Theater designer; Theatre artist.

ENPartnership, cooperation problems are most commonly faced by the representatives of collective art – the creators of theatrical art, who bring together a creative team, in order to produce one common message to the audience. This message is a performance. Creators, who belong to different fields, work together to achieve one goal and, by influencing each other, carry out the functions of a team. One of the most prominent witness of creative unification – is the experience of novice stage designer in Lithuanian theatre of the 3rd decade of the 20th century. One of the co-authors of theatrical performance – the theatre artist – ought to join the creative process, not only to initiate, but also to revise the creative idea, to coordinate it with other play-makers. The forming theatre experienced that organised communication and dialogue between creators begins only when all the staff gather together and distribute the roles. Since communication is a series of steps that start with the formation of a group, at the outset there was a stage of selecting play co-authors. On the one hand, the theatre looked for recognised artists, authorities, who could be trusted, on the other hand – it searched for theatrical personalities. The initial situation of creative communication between artists in newly established theatre was also strengthened by personal connections. However, professional background was still the most important when searching for theatre artists. Theatre artists Vladas Didžiokas, Jonas Gregorauskas Adomas Varnas, Barbora Didžiokienė, Vilius Jomantas and Adomas Galdikas, who started to work in Lithuanian theatre in the 3rd decade, had learned the elements of theatrical art in Russian and Lithuanian art schools. In the 4th decade of the 20th century, the artists have gained education in Paris art schools. In 1929–1933, Antanas Gudaitis, Stasys Ušinskas studied at the National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts.The teacher of these artists was the famous Russian stage designer Alexandra Ekster. Not only communication between group members in general is important when exploring the skills of communication of an artist in theatre. The process of communication helps to understand theatre, where there is no continuous communal creation. Here, we can clearly see the distribution of work in several stages, where communication takes place at different levels. Early theatrical performances of the 3rd decade of the 20th century prove that there was no knowledge of the process of creative communication at the beginning of Lithuanian professional theatre formation and that the only basis was personal experience. Creative response between creators and transition from the independent creative stage to the second stage of collective work appear only at the end of the 3rd decade of the 20th century. [From the publication]

• Lietuvių teatro istorija. Kn. 1, 1929-1935 / sudarytoja Audronė Girdzijauskaitė. Vilnius : Gervelė, 2000. 455 p.
• Lietuvių teatro istorija. Kn. 2, 1935-1940 / Kultūros, filosofijos ir meno institutas ; atsakingoji redaktorė Irena Aleksaitė. Vilnius : Kultūros, filosofijos ir meno institutas, 2002. 495 p.
• Modernizmo link : dailės gyvenimas Lietuvos Respublikoje 1918-1940 / Jolita Mulevičiūtė. Kaunas : Nacionalis M.K. Čiurlionio dailės muziejus, 2001. 223 p.