Nacionalinės teisės tradicijos ir paveldo vaidmuo reguliuojant piliečio ir valstybės santykius 1791 m. gegužės 3 d. Konstitucijoje

LTStraipsnyje įvertinama XIV-XVIII a. Lietuvos konstitucionalizmo tradicijos įtaka 1791 m. gegužės 3 d. Konstitucijai ir aptariamas konstitucinio paveldo panaudojimas konstruojant Konstitucijos nuostatas, reglamentavusias piliečio ir valstybės santykius. Daroma išvada, kad Konstitucijoje reglamentuojant valdžios sandarą atsižvelgta į konstitucionalizmo plėtros pasaulyje patirtį. Nustatant konstitucijos formą ir piliečio bei valstybės santykius buvo pasirinkta nacionalinio teisinio paveldo ir teisės tradicijos dalis, prieštaravusi bendroms konstitucionalizmo raidos pasaulyje tendencijoms. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Abiejų Tautų Respublika (ATR; Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów; Žečpospolita; Sandrauga; Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth); Konstitucija; Konstitucionalizmas; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Piliečio teisės; Teisės istorija; Valdžios ribojimas; Valdžių padalijimas; Constitution; Constitutionalism; History of law; Human; Polish-Lithuanian State; Restriction of state power; Rights; Separation of powers; The Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

ENIn this article the author analyzes the influence of the constitutional traditions on the Polish-Lithuanian Constitution of 1791 and discusses the role of national constitutional heritage in regulating of relations between citizen and State. The author concludes that the modern constitutionalism arose from the medieval constitutionalism and the ancient constitutionalism. The development of constitutionalism before the end of the eighteenth century should be interpreted as a "history", not "prehistory" of the constitutionalism. The first written constitutions – the so-called constitutions of the first phase of constitutional development – adopted at the end of the eighteenth century mark the next stage of constitutional development, not the beginning of the era of constitutionalism. The first Lithuanian constitutional acts were adopted at the end of the fourteenth century – the beginning of the fifteenth century. For four hundred years in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian State (the Republic of Both Nations) was accumulated great constitutional heritage and experience in formulation and systematization of the constitutional provisions, was formed the constitutional tradition. The Polish-Lithuanian Constitution of 1791 took into account international experience in regulation of Government but to regulate the relations between the citizen and the State was used the national tradition, which was contrary to the world experience. [From the publication]