Studentai kaip kultūrinės komunikacijos veikėjai. Karaliaučiaus universitetas ir jame studijavę lenkų studentai (1770-1825)
LTKaraliaučiaus universiteto studentų sudėtis XVIII-XIX a. sandūroje pasikeitė. Po Trečiojo Lietuvos Lenkijos valstybės padalijimo (1795 m.) lenkų studentų skaičius šoktelėjo, tačiau įkūrus Varšuvos hercogystę iš karto vėl sumažėjo. Užsienyje studijavę lenkų studentai tapo garsiais kultūros ir mokslo veikėjais. Šie veikėjai paskatino kultūros ir mokslo centrų bei jų tinklo Europoje kūrimą.
ENWhat was the university environment in the eastern Baltic Region in the second half of the 18th с and on the turn on the 19th c? How did the students of Albertina University in Königsberg change in the early 19th c? On the basis of the student environment, the article investigates the reasons of choice of the place of study in the eastern Baltic Region at the turn on the 19th с. Second, in accordance with the statistical data, the author seeks to disclose the significance of Königsberg University for students from Warsaw, and particularly in the period of 1795-1806. Third, the practice of students becoming significant actors of cultural communication at that time is summarized. After the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), the University of Königsberg was one of the academic educational instutions in the eastern Baltic Sea Region and, before the end of the 18th c, its activity covered a large area. Students from Prussia, Pommerania, Silesia, Courland, Livonia, Poland, Lithuania, and Russia came to study in it. The situation changed in the 19th c, after the education reform in the Russian Empire had been implemented, as, with the universities of Dorpat (Tartu), Vilnius, Wroclaw, and Warsaw having started to function, the area of students coming to the University of Königsberg significantly shrank. The University of Königsberg became an internal university of Prussia: quite a few German and Russian professors who after the Seven Years' War had settled down in Königsberg soon moved to Dorpat, and a smaller number of them got established in Berlin University. In the early 19th c , a substantial shift of the centres of university areas in the Baltic Region could be observed. University studies in Europe, and in particular in the eastern part of Central Europe, at the dawn of the industrial revolution turned into a special project.Students' motives in the choice of the place of study, depending on circumstances, were different. They included the reputation of the university or its specialists; traditional relationships with certain educational institutions, linguistic or national interests; the financial aspect, or scholarships, and, starting with 1850, in some cases, the infrastuctural opportunities, e.g., railway lines. The number of students from Poland in Königsberg was not large. 21 students who arrived in 1804 made the largest group, and the dropping of their number was caused by Napoleon's Army entrance to Königsberg and the foundation of the Duchy of Warsaw at the beginning of July 1807. In 1816, a university was founded in Warsaw; however, it should be noted that Polish students further went to Königsberg after 1816: they mainly took special or additional courses there and continued studies in Königsberg after the University of Warsaw had been closed after 1831. Those who had studied abroad and later used their experience and relationships for work in the native land became important actors in the cultural and scientific fields. The travelling students had acquired substantial cultural capital. They directly adopted the experience from the fields of science and culture or transformed it by adapting to the environment. Those were complex and dynamic processes within which continuous multilayer encoding of personal and collective identity was taking place. The said phenomena of communication were social processes inspired by personal motivation and structural circumstances. [...].
