Miesto įvaizdis kaip lietuvių muzikos (ir tautos) atsinaujinimo problema

LTVienas svarbiausių XX a. lietuvių kultūros kelių buvo iš kaimo į miestą. Miestas simbolizuoja kūrybinių galių prasiveržimą, intelekto koncentraciją, naują pasaulio civilizacijos raidą, tačiau lietuviškos kultūros šaknys nekvestionuojamai glūdi kaime, iš to kyla ir autentiškas lietuviškumas. Šios dvi lietuvių kultūros raidos tendencijos ypač ryškiai konfrontavo XX a. viduryje tarpukario Lietuvos muzikoje ir publicistikoje. Jų tarpusavio sąveikas galima išskirti į kelias prieštaravimų ir atradimų kupinas sroves, susijusias su šiuolaikine kūryba: 1. Modernizmas ir miestas. Visa, kas susiję su technikos augimu, mokslo pažanga, žmonijos atradimai telkiasi dideliuose miestuose. Muzikoje prapliumpa vienas po kito technikos pažangą šlovinantys kūriniai. Tai susiję ir tiesiogiai su muzikos kalbos išraiškos intelektualine pažanga, stiliaus prado radikalizavimu iki mokslo sistemų lygio. Lietuvoje šį muzikos modernumo ir miesto stiliaus susitapatinimą galima labai ryškiai pamatyti III dešimtmečio kūryboje ir visu aršumu tarp kompozitorių (Vlado Jakubėno ir Vytauto Bacevičiaus) kylančioje diskusijoje. 2. Tautiškumas ir miestas. Šis klausimas tarpukario muzikoje buvo sprendžiamas miesto nenaudai. Kompozitoriai siejo savo mintis su gamta, dvasiniu natūralumu, liaudies daina. 3. Istorizmas ir miestas. Vilniaus fenomenas paskatina muzikoje įsitvirtinti architektūros dėsnius: stilizaciją, ankstesnių epochų meno (muzikos) kalbos ir moderno (džiazo) motyvų sąšaukas. Palaipsniui kyla ir 4-oji srovė - miestas kaip globalizacijos iššūkis muzikai technologijų eroje.

ENLithuanian culture of the 20th century was marked by a clear confrontation between the urban expansion and rural mental values. The roots of Lithuanian music lie in the folk song, therefore in this area the urban image worked its way with difficulty. Nevertheless, the confronting mental values have branched into several creative trends in contemporary Lithuanian music. It is modernism whose most famous representatives in interwar Lithuania were Vytautas Bacevičius, Vladas Jakubėnas, and Jeronimas Kačinskas (later expatriated to the USA). Modernism and nationality were a poignant dilemma for Lithuanian composers who were trying to answer the question of how a composer of a young and small state could contribute to the world culture. The Lithuanian mentality accepts that it is only the nature, the elements, and the cosmos that are the closest things to the human nature. Urbanism levels off cultures. Lithuanians discovered the city as a phenomenon of the live history possessing regenerative powers for the nation's life after the statehood was lost in the 20lh century. Among the most notable pieces using urban images are musical forms devoted to Vilnius history. The first ones emerged already in the 1970s, during the Soviet period: Vytautas Barkauskas' Gloria Urbi and Eduardas Balsys' Symphony/Concerto coincided with the renaissance of organ. The most important opus on Vilnius history, Centones meae urbi by Onutė Narbutaitė, won the National Award in 1997. The latest futuristic image of the city has apocalyptic meaning in Lithuanian music. Contemporary ballet exists as well - an example of this is Mindaugas Urbaitis' Acid City (2002). [From the publication]One of the most important paths of the Lithuanian culture in the 20th century was the one from the village to the city. The city symbolizes the breakthrough of creative powers, concentration of intellect and new development of the world’s civilization however the roots of the Lithuanian culture unquestionably are in the village. The said two trends of development of the Lithuanian culture especially confronted in the middle of the 20th century in the Lithuanian music and publicity of the interwar period. Their interrelations can be divided into several trends, related to modern creative, full of contradictions and discoveries: 1. Modernism and art. Everything that is related with growth of technology, advancements of science and discoveries of the mankind amasses in big cities. Songs, glorifying advancements of technology are more and more frequent in music, which is also directly related with the intellectual advancement of the expression of the language of music, radicalization of the springs of the style up to the level of scientific systems. In Lithuania such merging of modernity of music and the urban style can be very clearly observed in the oeuvre of the 3rd decade in the discussions between composers (Vladas Jakubėnas and Vytautas Bacevičius). 2. Nationality and the city. The issue was resolved in the interwar music not in favor of the city. The composers related their ideas with nature, spiritual nature and folk songs. 3. Historicism and the city. The phenomenon of Vilnius encourages the entrenchment of the laws of architecture in music, i. e. stylization and the linkups between the language of the art of previous eras (music) and the motives of the modern (i. e. jazz). The fourth trend, i. e. the city as a challenge of globalization to the music in the era of technologies is also gradually rising.