Dzūkijos išskirtinumas - etnografinių kaimų gausa

LTTaip susiklostė istorinės aplinkybės, kad Dzūkijoje išliko daugiausia į vienkiemius neišskirstytų kaimų. O tų, kurie buvo išskirstyti XIX a. pirmojoje pusėje, linijinių vienkieminių kaimų, yra tik Užnemunėje. Skirtingą kaimų sandarą ir architektūrą lėmė nevienoda gamtinė aplinka, gyventojų veiklos ir socialiniai santykiai. Šiandien Dzūkija - etnografinis regionas, išsaugojęs bene daugiausia tradicinės architektūros paveldo. Raktažodžiai: kraštovaizdis, kaimų tipai, architektūra.

ENBy the beginning of the 20th century, a network of settlements had been formed in Lithuania, which reflected different historical periods, economic activities and occupations. Five historical periods can be distinguished in the cultural landscape of Lithuania that determine different types of villages: scattered, linear villages and separate farmsteads. According to their structure, scattered villages are the oldest. They formed a self-contained structure without strict rectangular plots or farmstead boundaries. The complicated and confusing old land management system was holding back the development of the economy and did not correspond to the interests of the State. The Volok reform of the 16th century changed not only the land management of the country, but also the landscape. Peasant farmsteads were moved to newly-established linear strip villages, the messy land management was abolished, and common three-field plots were introduced in villages. The Volok structure, which was efficient at the beginning, lost its power in the 19th century. Linear villages started deteriorating and splitting up into separate farmsteads at first in Užnemunė (the left bank of the Nemunas), and later the right bank of the Nemunas governed by Russian order.The land reform of Independent Lithuania in 1922 completed the splitting of villages into separate farmsteads. However, it did not touch the linear villages located on the land occupied by Poland. Historic circumstances determine that most of the old villages remained in Dzūkija. They were included in the Register of Immovable Cultural Heritage. Picturesque, self-contained, scattered villages are situated in the wooded part of Dzūkija between Varėna and Druskininkai, while the former linear strip villages are accumulated on the Eastern side of Dzūkija (which in the between-wars period belonged to Poland), in Dievenišės region near Val- kininai and Švenčionys. Most separate farmsteads are left in Užnemunė of Dzūkija. Our task is to study the multi-layered heritage of the Dzūkija region and preserve it to future generations.