Mitologiniai motyvai ankstyvojoje Sarbievijaus poezijoje

LTAnkstyvajam Motiejaus Kazimiero Sarbievijaus kūrybos laikotarpiui priskiriami 1618-1622 metais parašyti kūriniai. Čia bus nagrinėjamos keturios poemėlės: 1) Irt nuptiis Petri Triznae cum Sophia Wollowicia (Petro Triznos ir Sofijos Valavičiūtės vestuvėms, 1621); 2) In nuptiis Joannis Rakowski ... cum Catharina Eugenia Tyszkiewicia ... (Jono Rakovskio ... ir ... Kotrynos Eugenijos Tiškevičiūtės vestuvėms, 1622) 3) poemėlė iš leidimo In primo ... Stanislai Kiszka ... Episcopi Samogitiae, in metropolini suae Dioecesis adventu gratulationes oblatae (Sveikinimai... Žemaičių vyskupui ... Stanislovui Kiškai, ... pirmąsyk atvykstančiam J savo vyskupijos centrą, 1618); 4) poemėlė iš leidinio Ob- sequium gratitudinis ... Joanni Carolo Chodkiewicz ... (Nuolanki padėka ... Jonui Karoliui Chodkevičiui..., 1619). Šias poemėles būtų galima pavadinti panegiri- nėmis (pagal turinį) arba fantastinėmis (pagal formą). Jos visos parašytos hegzametru, yra panašios apimties (ilgiausia - dedikuota Kiškai - beveik 550 eik, trumpiausia- Triznai ir Valavičiūtei - 260 eil.). Siužetai - fantastiniai, veikėjai - mitologinės būtybės bei abstrakčių sąvokų personifikacijos. Tarp šių dviejų personažų grupių tradiciškai egzistuoja abipusis ryšys: tiek graikų, tiek romėnų mitologijoje galima surasti ne vieną personifikaciją ir sudievintą abstrakčią sąvoką (Dikė, Eridė, Konkordija, Virtus ir t.t. ), o mitologinėms būtybėms, ypač dievams, jau Antikos laikais buvo pradėta teikti filosofinė ar moralinė prasmė [p. 233].

ENThere are mythological elements of 4 early Sarbievius' poems discussed here: 1) In primo ... Stanislai Kiszka ... Episcopi Samogitiae, in metropolim suae Dioecesis adventu gratulationes oblatae (1618); 2) Obsequium gratitudinis ... Joanni Carolo Chodkiewicz ... (1619); 3) In nuptiis Petri Triznae cum Sophia Wollowicia (1621); 4) In nuptiis Joannis Rakowski... cum Catharina Eugenia Tyszkiewicia ... (1622). All those poems could be described as fantastic (in terms of plot) or panegyrical (in terms of subject). Their personages are mythological beings and/or personified abstractions. Mutual relations between those two groups of personages are evidet. Sarbievius himself identifies ancient gods with the abstracts in his book Dii gentium. Nevertheless, mythological beings and the abstracts differ from each other in regard to visualization, valency (number of relations one is able to bear to other ones), etc. The main personage of both epithalamia is Concordia. But she could be identified as Venus because of her attributes (Hymen as her son, palace in the sky) and her role of mistress of the Universe déclara ted in In nuptiis Triznae cum Wollowicia (cf. Boethius, Philosoph. Cons., II, 8) or as Eros of Parmenides and Empedocles located in centre of the world and tempering the opposites. So far as Venus is ambiguous (cf. Plato's Aphrodite Urania and Pandemos), Concordia stands for Urania or Christian Love. There is a lot of personifications in Gratulationes Kiszkae oblatae, which seems not to have any deeper sense (e.g. Autumn, Summer, June, October). But some attributes provide them with such a sense. E.g. June is represented as winged, gold - haired boy (aureus puer, v. 70) with two arrows in his hands (a hint on Valavičius' ( Wollowicz) coat of arms). Cupid can be easily recognized in this portrait.Therefore the mother of June - Summer - can be identified with Venus. Some attributes of Autumn (scales (the Scales) - cf. Hom., II., XXII, 209-214, - skyey horses (caerulei equi, v. 106 ), fiery reins, a chariot decorated with bunches of grapes (festivities of Vinalia were consecrated to Jupiter) point out some similarity between Autumn and Jupiter.. Then, we can draw up a series of symbols: bishop Kiška (Kiszka) - Autumn (the time of his inauguration) - Jupiter - the skythe Lord; prefect Valavičius (Wollowicz) - Summer - Venus - love - Christ; June - Cupid - love - Holy Spirit, etc. Two main personages of another poem Obsequium gratitudinis - Griffin and Apollo - have a myth about the land of Hyperboreans in common. Griffins guard golden treasures there, and Apollo spends winter time among Hyperboreans. Since both of them had left the land of Hyperboreans for Kražiai ( Crosi ), this town ( or whole Žemaitija ( Samogitia) could be considered as new/better land of Hyperboreans, whereas Griffin symbolizes Chodkevičius (Chodkiewicz), the founder of Collegium Crosense ( the Griffin is depicted on his coat of arms), and Apollo symbolizes Collegium itself. So, the early poems of Sarbievius are full of meaning down to the smallest phrase, and this meaning says more than or other than- what is indicated in the literal text. In this regard, the poetry of Sarbievius is not innovatory but still subtle and surprising.