LTSiekiant ištirti etniškumo ir religijos sąsajas Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje rusų ir lenkų kalba, iš pradžių buvo analizuojamas tokių žiniasklaidos priemonių spektras, išskiriant esminius jo susiformavimo ir kaitos nuo 1990 iki 2020 m. bruožus ir atskleidžiant santykį su svarbiausiais rusų ir lenkų etninėse grupėse šiuo laikotarpiu vykusiais demografiniais ir socialiniais pokyčiais. Remiantis analizės duomenimis, buvo apibūdintas spaudos leidinių, naujienų portalų, radijo ir televizijos laidų bei kitų Lietuvos žiniasklaidos priemonių rusų ir lenkų kalba santykis su stačiatikybės ir katalikybės temomis. Reikia atkreipti dėmesį, kad žiniasklaida rusų ir lenkų kalba pasirinkta tyrinėti siekiant užčiuopti atsakymus į rūpimus klausimus iš tiriamųjų etninių ir religinių grupių perspektyvos. Juolab kad šių grupių nariai yra ne tik tų žiniasklaidos priemonių dėmesio objektas, bet ir turinio kūrėjai. Tolesnis tyrimo etapas – kokybinė turinio analizė, kuriai buvo pasirinkti 1990–1992 ir 2018–2020 m. Lietuvos spaudos leidiniai rusų ir lenkų kalba. Pirmasis laikotarpis apima didelį tiražą ir nemažą skaitytojų ratą turinčius dienraštį rusų kalba „Echo Litvy“ (iki 1990 m. kovo mėn. – „Sovetskaja Litva“) ir laikraštį lenkų kalba „Kurier Wileński“ (iki 1990 m. vasario mėn. – „Czerwony Sztandar“). Šie leidiniai kokybinei turinio analizei tinkami kaip šaltiniai, atspindintys etninių mažumų grupių (ypač rusų ir lenkų) reakciją į Lietuvos visuomenės išsilaisvinimą iš penkis dešimtmečius trukusios sovietinės okupacijos bei religinės priespaudos ir į atsivėrusią galimybę nevaržomai domėtis savo šaknimis Lietuvoje, tautinėmis ir religinėmis tradicijomis, kitais tapatybės aspektais (šiuo laikotarpiu nebuvo religinės spaudos šiomis kalbomis) [p. 40-41].
ENMonika Frėjutė-Rakauskienė, Andrius Marcinkevičius and Kristina Šliavaitė overview the theoretical approaches employed in the monograph. Ethnicity in this book is understood as fluid and arbitrary, allowing for religious identity to be related to ethnic identity in a variety of ways, which brings the authors to the same theoretical field as other representatives of social constructivism who investigated ethnic identities and / or the ways religion and ethnicity are interrelated (Wimmer 2008, Jenkins 2008, Barth 1969, Mitchell 2010, Stroup 2017, Čiubrinskas 2008b etc.). In this monograph we view the construction of boundaries as a process of using certain cultural markers when religion can be one of them (see e.g. Stroup 2017). We chose the ethnic minorities (Poles and Russians), rather than the ethnic and religious majority of the Lithuanian population (Lithuanian Catholics) as the main focus of our study (see also Čiubrinskas 1998, Frėjutė-Rakauskienė, Šliavaitė, Šutininenė 2016; Korzeniewska 2013, Savukynas 2003). The monograph holds the theoretical premise that institutions — school, religious organisation, media — play an important role in how the relationship between ethnic and religious identities is constructed, and how group boundaries are drawn (Wimmer 2013; Brubaker, Cooper 2000; e.g., also Frėjutė-Rakauskienė et al 2016, Frėjutė-Rakauskienė, Sasunkevich, Šliavaitė 2021). Ethnic and / or religious identity can lead to experiences of inequality in particular social contexts (Brubaker 2015, etc.), so it is important to find out whether the participants in the study identify moments of stigmatisation, non-recognition of cultural difference, or exclusion brought about by the interplay between ethnic and religious identities.The scholars emphasize that definitions of religion and ethnicity pose challenges (Stroup 2017), and that there is widespread debate in the social sciences about the changing content and role of religion in contemporary societies (Borowik 2011, etc.). However, in this monograph we do not study forms of religiosity, but rather focus on the role of religion in the construction of ethnic boundaries (cf. Barth 1969, Stroup 2017, etc.). In a sense, the category of religion is instrumentalised, i.e. seen instrumentally as a tool in the construction of ethnic identity. The participants of the study are practitioners and members of a particular religious community (Catholic or Orthodox), so the construction of ethnicity (Russian, Polish or mixed), with or without the criterion of religion, in this monograph reflects the views of those who consider themselves Catholic or Orthodox. The data for the monograph was collected through fieldwork and qualitative media analysis. The fieldwork started in October 2019 and was completed in November 2021. The fieldwork took place in Vilnius, Kaunas, Visaginas, Šalčininkai, Švenčionys and Švenčionys District. The main methods used for the qualitative fieldwork were qualitative semi-structured and unstructured indepth interviews. A total of 125 interviews were analysed in the monograph: 52 of which were conducted with local residents, who identified themselves with a certain ethnic (mostly Russian, Polish) and religious group (Orthodox, Catholic); 71 semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in the field — teachers, clergy, representatives of religious organisations, etc.In order to investigate how the links between (1) Russian ethnic identity and Orthodoxy, (2) Polish ethnic identity and Catholicism are constructed in media, the research began with an analysis of a spectrum of media in Russian and Polish languages in Lithuania dating from 1990 to 2020 to identify the most important trends of the period. In this study, the media is treated as an important source of information about the identity of ethnic and religious minority groups, their secular and religious leaders and organisations, and their relationship to the Lithuanian state and historical homeland. In the next step of the research, the authors conducted a qualitative content analysis of a selection of secular and religious publications in Russian (Echo Litvy, Vestnik) and Polish (Kurier Wileński, Spotkania). This analysis coveres the periods of the collapse of the communist system and the Sąjūdis (1990–1992), as well as the last few years (2018–2020). The results of the analysis are summarised in the monograph by identifying five themes that explore the different levels of interaction between ethnicity and religion: religious leaders, religious organisations, historical personalities, places of memory, and the relationship with the historical homeland.