Vilniaus Šv. Onos bažnyčia. Vilniaus katedros rekonstrukcija 1782-1801 metais
- Vilniaus katedros rekonstrukcija 1782-1801 metais
- St. Anne's church in Vilnius
- Reconstruction of Vilnius cathedral in 1782-1801
LTŠiame leidinyje pateikiamos V. Drėmos apybraižos apie du Vilniaus architektūros paminklus - Šv. Onos bažnyčią ir Katedrą. Itin plačiai nušviečiama Šv. Onos bažnyčios statybos istorija, nustatoma jos pastatymo data, fundatorius ir architektas statytojas, analizuojama bažnyčios architektūros sąsajos su kitais Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių gotikos pastatais, liaudies architektūra, polemizuojama su kai kuriais šios bažnyčios tyrinėtojais. Architektūros istorikus ir plačiąją visuomenę nemažiau turėtų sudominti apybraiža apie Vilniaus katedros rekonstrukciją 1782-1801 metais pagal architekto klasicisto L. Gucevičiaus projektą, ypač Katedros stilistinė analizė, mintys apie baroko ir klasicizmo sąsajas, Lietuvos klasicizmo originalumą ir savitumą. Autoriaus pageidavimu leidinyje išlaikoma nelietuvių pavardžių originalo rašyba. Žinoma, tiksliai nustatyti, kurie to meto Vilniaus gyventojai laikytini lietuviais, o kurie kitataučiais, nelengva. Leidykla šį klausimą palieka autoriaus kompetencijai. Greta gausiai autoriaus pateikiamų archyvinio pobūdžio iliustracijų (dailės kūrinių, brėžinių, senų nuotraukų) aprašomuosius objektus išsamiau apibūdinti padeda Antano Lukšėno, Mečislovo Sakalausko ir Aleksandro Sidorenkos fotografijos [Iš Pratarmės].
ENSt. Anne's church in Vilnius is a unique architectural masterpiece of gothic of the world's importance. This phenomenal specimen of architecture had attracted art historian's attention even 175 years ago. Since then numerous reports and reviews about this monument have been published. Yet many important questions pertaining to St. Anne's Church remained unsolved and made include: the date of building, its donator and contributors, as well as authors - the architect tangled due to the existence of two churches under the same name. Questions not yet solved designer and builder, the sources of its architectural forms and prototypes, its links with the traditions of Lithuanian Gothic and its influence on Lithuanian architecture of the time and later periods, as well as on the formation of the national architectural school. The present study is of polemic character, it provides a critical evaluation of the existing The basic theses laid down by the author are the following: works about this magnificent monument, making use of their positive scientific contributions.The fall of a corner chapel and the tower above it in 1769 was the reason for the reconstruction of Vilnius cathedral in 1782-1801. This reconstruction principally changed the exterior of the old two-towered cathedral, designed by J. K. Glaubičius. At present due to the existence of new documents it is possible to trace the whole procedure of the cathedral’s reconstruction and the names of its architects. The main document is a financial account of the assistant manager of Vilnius bishop J. L Masalskis to the Capitula for reconstruction work, conducted in 1782-1792, including materials used, remuneration to craftsmen of various specialities and other related costs. The reconstruction work was delayed due to the difference of opinions between the bishop and the Capitula concerning the defrayal of expenses and because the designer of the reconstruction was removed. At first the bishop J. L Masalskis entrusted the reconstruction design to the royal architect Giuseppe Sacco, who submitted the drawings, which turned out to be incomplete and unexpressive, only in 1777. For this reason J. L Masalskis rejected G. Sacco’s design and trusted Laurynas Gucevičius, a young architect, to produce a new design. L. Gucevičius completed the design in 1779, and J. L Masalskis signed a contract on his permanent service in the court of the Vilnius bishop. Apart from the reconstruction of Vilnius Cathedral and the building of the Verkiai Palace L. Gucevičius had done much of the building. L. Gucevičius guided the Cathedral’s reconstruction up to the end of 1790 when he went out of service at Masalskis. In 1791-1792 the reconstruction was under architects Pietro de Rossi and Mykolas Ambraževičius. In 1792 J. L Masalskis went bankrupt, and the work was stopped. By that time all external work had been completed and three enormous statues of the saints, carved by sculptor Karolis Jelskis, were installed on the upper part of the portico.
