Lietuvos specialios teisėjų institucijos apibrėžimas

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Lietuvos specialios teisėjų institucijos apibrėžimas
Alternative Title:
Definition of the Lithuanian judicial council
In the Journal:
Teisė. 2023, t. 127, p. 101-117
Keywords:
LT
Konstitucinė teisė. Konstitucija / Constitutional law. Constitution; Teisininkai / Legal profession; Politika / Politics.
Summary / Abstract:

LTStraipsnyje yra analizuojama Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijos 112 straipsnio 5 dalyje nurodyta speciali teisėjų institucija. Mėginama šią instituciją apibrėžti, svarstant įvairias šio dokumento aiškinimo alternatyvas, kartu vertinant ir Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo atliktą šio dokumento aiškinimą. Straipsnyje argumentuojama, kad specialios teisėjų institucijos vaidmuo formuojant teisėjų korpusą yra pasyvus, tačiau tai nereiškia jos funkcinio silpnumo, ką galėtų implikuoti jos tiek pasyvus vaidmuo, tiek sąvoka „pataria“. Atlikta analizė leidžia teigti, kad Respublikos Prezidentas formuoja teisėjų korpusą tik su specialios teisėjų institucijos, kuri šiam tikslui įgyvendinti ir turi būti formuojama vien tik iš teisėjų, patarimu. Tačiau tai, kad be specialios teisėjų institucijos patarimo negali būti formuojamas teisėjų korpusas, negali keisti sąvokos „pataria“ reikšmės suprantant ją kaip aktą, kuris yra ne rekomendacinio pobūdžio. Straipsnyje yra nustatoma, kad specialios teisėjų institucijos patarimas negali būti laikomas pritarimo sinonimu, nes Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijos tekste įtvirtintos sąvokos „patarti“ ir „pritarti“ reiškia visiškai skirtingus aktus. Tai savo ruožtu nepaneigia specialios teisėjų institucijos patvirtinimo funkcijos, nes Respublikos Prezidentas teisėjų korpusą gali formuoti tik su specialios teisėjų institucijos patarimu. Straipsnyje nustatyta aplinkybė, kad specialios teisėjų institucijos patarimo aktas negali būti prilygintas pritarimo aktui, savo ruožtu reiškia, kad speciali teisėjų institucija savo veikloje neturi veikti taip, kaip turi veikti politinio pobūdžio institucija – Seimas, ir ji neturi būti skaitlinga. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Konstitucijos aiškinimas, speciali teisėjų institucija, patarti ir pritarti, valdžių padalijimas, stabdžiai ir atsvaros. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe paper analyzes the institution of judges - the Lithuanian Judicial Council referred to in Article 112(5) of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania. The paper attempts to define this institution by considering various alternatives of interpretation of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and at the same time assessing the interpretation of this document made by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania. The paper determines the role of the Judicial Council in the relationship with the President of the Republic, who by the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania is obliged to form the judicial corps with the advice of the Judicial Council, where the Judicial Council acts solely on the initiative of the President of the Republic. Since the Judicial Council acts solely on the initiative of the President of the Republic, its role in the process is passive, which in turn does not entail any functional weakness on its part, as might be implied by both its passive role and the concept of “advice” enshrined in Article 112(5) of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania. The paper argues that the Judicial Council, in the exercise of the powers laid down in Article 112(5) of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, is a self-governing body of the judiciary, which, as a self-governing body of the judiciary, must be formed on a purely professional basis. The President of the Republic may form the judicial corps only with the advice of the Judicial Council. The use of the concept “advice” in Article 112(5) of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, which is recommendatory per se, does not allow to conclude that the advice given by the Judicial Council to the President of the Republic in the formation of the judiciary is only a recommendatory act, as the meaning of Article 112(5) of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania should be determined from the point of view of the separation of powers.Taking the separation of powers into consideration means that the Judicial Council needs to make an approval on the proposition made by the President of the Republic after careful deliberation process. However, the concept of “consent” is not expressly mentioned in Article 112(5) of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania raising the question if the “advice” and “consent” are synonymous concepts. The analysis of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania carried out in the paper suggests that the concept “advice” in Article 112(5) of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania cannot be understood as synonymous with the concept of “consent”, which is used in various provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania. The paper argues that the concepts “advice” and “consent” are completely different concepts and suggest completely different modes of action. The fact that the concept of “consent” is not expressly mentioned in Article 112(5) of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania but is mentioned in other constitutional provisions, and is used to describe the manner in which the Parliament should act, leads to the conclusion that the Judicial Council should not act in the process of forming the judicial corps in the same manner as a political institution such as the Parliament should act, and at the same time the Judicial Council should not be large in its number, which is the characteristic of a political institution such as the Parliament. Keywords: interpretation of the Constitution, the Judicial Council, advice and consent, separation of powers, checks and balances. [From the publication]

DOI:
10.15388/Teise.2023.127.6
ISSN:
1392-1274; 2424-6050
Subject:
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/103220
Updated:
2023-08-17 19:51:28
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