Vilniaus plytininkai XVIII-XIX a. sandūroje

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjama Vilniaus plytdirbystės problematika. Tyrimų laikotarpį apibrėžia archyvinė informacija apie konkrečius plytininkus-žaliavų kasėjus, kurių sąrašai sudaryti 1795 bei 1805 m. Šiuo laikotarpiu dirbo 43 amatininkai. Naudojantis papildomais archyviniais bei spausdintais šaltiniais, sudarytos šių amatininkų biogramos. Remiantis surinktais duomenimis apibrėžiama plytininkų-žaliavų kasėjų dirbtuvių lokalizacija, apžvelgiama turtinė šiuo amatu besivertusių asmenų diferenciacija, aptariami plytininkystės amato tęstinumo bei plytininkų kaitos duomenys, nagrinėjami kitų amatininkų, ypač puodžių, ekonominiai bei socialiniai ryšiai su plytininkais. Raktiniai žodžiai: Vilnius, plytininkas, plytinė, puodžius, biograma. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe article deals with the some aspects of the brickmaking craft in Vilnius. The main archival sources selected for the study were the following: (a) the list of the craftsmen of Vilnius and the register of the city’s properties of 1795 and 1808, (b) the income and expenditure books of the Vilnius magistrate, and (c) the list of the city’s property owners compiled in 1801. The starting point for the research was the short biographies of 43 brickmakers and raw material miners who worked in the workshops in Vilnius between 1795 and 1805 (Table 1), compiled by the author of the article. Using the accumulated database, the answers to the questions raised are provided: the sites of the workshops were located (Fig. 1), the brickmakers ‘dynasties’ from the 1830s onwards were distinguished, the criteria for the financially more capable brickmakers were established, and the main features of these brickmakers are discussed (Figs 2–4, Table 2). The hypothetical conclusion is drawn that changes in the organisation of the craft can already be discerned among the brickmakers of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The fundamental shift was the emergence of a layer of brickmakers who sought to avoid the constraints on business expansion resulting from the volatile construction market, which dictated the client’s waitand-see tactics.The study also points to the special relationship between brickmakers and potters. At least half of the brickmakers had various levels of contact with potters, some of whom had become brickmakers themselves (Table 3). Attention is drawn to the desire of the brickmakers to keep their land properties in their hands and to expand their business. This ambition is illustrated in the diagram depicting the change of plot owners in the second half of the eighteenth century (Fig. 5). The author of the article captures the strong bonds of community among brickmakers. Keywords: Vilnius, brickmaker, brickworks, potter, short biography. [From the publication]

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