Kauno Tado Ivanausko progimnazijos mokinių, besimokančių pagal pagrindinio ugdymo programą, fizinis pajėgumas

LTPasak Emeljanovo (2017), dar 1992–2002 m. pastebėtas bendras Lietuvos moksleivių fizinio pajėgumo sumažėjimas tęsėsi ir 2002–2012 m., nors kai kurie fizinio pajėgumo ir gerėjo. Jei ši bendra neigiama tendencija išliks, tai pakenks būsimų suaugusiųjų gerovei ir sukels rimtą ekonominę naštą visuomenei. Būtent tai ir lemia šiame darbe analizuojamą problemą, t. y., kad Lietuvos Respublikos sveikatos apsaugos ministras 2019 m. spalio 8 d. patvirtino įsakymą Nr. V-1153, kuris apima Lietuvos mokinių fizinio pajėgumo nustatymą, tačiau nėra įgyvendintas jau dvejus metus, todėl norime pritaikyti jį praktinėje veikloje. Tikslas – nustatyti Kauno Tado Ivanausko progimnazijos mokinių, besimokančių pagal pagrindinio ugdymo programą, fizinį pajėgumą. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir įvertinti mokinių, besimokančių pagal pagrindinio ugdymo programą, fizinį pajėgumą. 2. Priskirti testų rezultatus vienai iš fizinio pajėgumo zonų: „Sveikatai palankus fizinis pajėgumas“, „Reikia tobulėti“ ir „Sveikatos rizikos zona“. Buvo taikyti tokie metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė; teisės aktų analizė; testavimas, statistinė ir lyginamoji analizė. Gauti rezultatai rodo, kad mokinių fizinis pasirengimas yra žemiau nustatytos ribos arba siekia žemiausią sveikatai palankią fizinio pasirengimo ribą. Prasčiausi fizinio pajėgumo duomenys pastebimi nustatant širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos pajėgumą, patenka į „sveikatos rizikos zona“ ir „reikia tobulėti“. Pastebėjus, kad prastėja mokinių širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemų pajėgumas rekomenduojama: intervalinės treniruotės, didelio intensyvumo fizinė veikla kaitaliojama su ženkliai pasyvesnės veiklos intervalais.

ENRelevance of the topic. In terms of physical capacity, the abilities of a particular natural person in the field of sport are formed, physical capacity allows to improve the physical and emotional feeling of a person, creates opportunities for further development and growth. Thus, physical capacity is indeed significant and important in many respects (Lu et al., 2017; Bedard et al., 2017; Calahorro-Cañada et al., 2017). According to Emelyanov (2017), the overall decrease in the physical capacity of Lithuanian schoolchildren observed between 1992 and 2002 continued between 2002 and 2012, although some of them improved their physical capacity. If this general negative trend continues, it will harm the well-being of future adults and create a serious economic burden on society. This is exactly what determines the problem analysed in this work, i.e. that on 8 October 2019 the Minister of Health of the Republic 214 of Lithuania approved Order No V-1153, which covered the determination of the physical capacity of Lithuanian pupils, but has not been implemented for two years, the refore we want to apply it in practical activities. Accordingly, the purpose of this work is to determine the physical capacity of students of Kaunas Tadas Ivanauskas progymnasium who learn according to the lower secondary education curriculum. At the same time, the following tasks of this work are established: 1. To identify and assess the physical capacity of pupils enrolled in the lower secondary education curriculum. 2. Assign test results to one of the physical capacity zones: "Health-friendly physical capacity", "Need for improvement" and "Health risk zone". In the preparation of this work, the following main methods were used: the method of analysis of scientific literature; analysis of legislation; testing. Statistical and comparative analysis.The results show that pupils' physical fitness is below a set threshold or reaches the lowest level of physical fitness that is favour able to health. The conclusions reached are as follows: 1. Flexibility results in grades 5 to 7 are assessed as better than those of grades 8, muscle strength improves in grades 5 to 6, but muscle strength is low in grades 7-8, and data for girls in grades 7 and 8 are worse than for boys. However, muscle endurance should be improved in all age groups. The worst data on physical capacity are observed in determining the capacity of the cardiovascular system, fall into the "health risk zone" and "need for improvement". Among girls, poorer results in determining muscle endurance data fall within the "need to improve" zone. Data from the rapidity and dexterity tests fall within the "need for improvement" zone and "health-friendly physical capacity". If you notice a decrease in the capacity of students' cardiovascular systems is recommended: interval training, high intensity physical activity is alternated with significantly more passive activity intervals. Endurance-training exercises include running long distances, cycling, swimming. Such activities help to increase the oxygen consumption of children and adolescents by 5-6%. The capacity of the cardiovascular system increases when aerobic exercise is performed at least 5 times a week for 20-30 minutes, when difficulty breathing is maintained, the number of heartbeats increases (about twice as much as in a state of rest). It is important not to get tired, exercise while feeling pleasant fatigue. It is recommended that activities be carried out at a maximum capacity of between 40% and 60%.