Володіння "трьох татарських царів" та уявлення про "потрійне Поділля" в битві під Грюнвальдом

ENThe article analyzes the partition of the historical region of Podillia, which emerged in the mid-14th century as a result of the defeat of its Tatar rulers in the Battle of Blue Waters in 1362 and the expansion of the Grand Duchy of Luthuania’s influence southeast. A preceding historical tradition reflected in the chronicle "Tale of Podillia" describes the partition of the territory in the interfluve of the Dnipro and the Dnister rivers among three Tatar rulers of Podillia: Kutlubuh, Khadjibey, and Dmytro. It is very difficult to localize their lands precisely due to the scarcity of documentary sources from the 14th century. Based on the toponyms mentioned in the documents of the Koriatovyches, the paper clarifies the boundaries of Dmytro’s lands. Based on the analysis of hydronyms the article designates the likely lands owned by Kutlubuh. The image about Podillia as divided in three parts endured till the beginning of the 15th century. At the time Podillia was divided in two parts: the western under the rule of King Władysław II Jagiełło, and the eastern under the governance of Grand Duke Vitautas. The description of the royal army in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 includes three Podolian military units. Podillia became the only territory that sent three units. Jan Długosz, the author of this account, explained this fact by a large number of Podolian population. The available written sources of the late 14th – early 15th centuries do not confirm such interpretation. It is more likely that at the beginning of the 15th century the three Podolian units in Grunwald reflected an older image of Podillia as a territory that consisted of three parts.