Druki cyrylickie w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim. Analiza organizacji wydawania

ENThe article presents a list of publishing houses, which printed in Cyrillic alphabet in the period of 1522-1800, and a number of publications according to the newest research. The article focused on the initiators and organizers of printing houses, their rights, and privileges. The organization of the Cyrillic alphabet book with the activity of printing houses in Muscovite Russia, later in Russia, Czech, and Wallachia were compared. It has been determined that the political, cultural and religious situation of the Polish-Lithuanian state influenced the development of the houses, which printed in Cyrillic alphabet. The activity of the believers of the reformed Church, transformations resulting from the union of a part of the Orthodox Church with the Roman Church in 1596, effects of the reform of the liturgical books carried out by the archimandrite of Pechersk Lavra future metropolitan Piotr Mohyla and the reform of patriarch Nikon in Moscow had impact on the content of books. The Cyrillic-alphabet printed matters were distinguished not only by the font itself but also by the Orient type of ornamentation and graphics, which have their roots in Byzantium. However, within the space of hundreds of years, the penetration of some elements of the Western decorative art is observed. The borrowings from Germany (illustrations and initials) and Italy (initials) were noticeable in Franciszek Skoryna's printed matters, while the printing house of Spiridon Sobol and Maksym Woszczanka made good use of Polish and Ukrainian houses. They were especially noticeable at the initial stage in the printed matters of Skoryna, Budny, and Ciapiński, next in the 17th century publications from the printing houses of Mohylev, and the 18th century ones from the houses of Vilnius and Supraśl.In the 16th and 17th century, the experience of printers of Cracow (vignettes, endings, and title frames) was taken advantage of, and in the 18th century - the experience of printers of Warsaw. The migration of printers, engravers, and books from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was conducive to the penetration of printing achievements to Ukraine, Wallachia, Moldavia, and Moscow.