Mantagailiškio dvaro sodybos zooarcheologinės medžiagos tyrimas

LT2012-2015 m. archeologinių tyrimų metu didžioji dalis tyrimams perduotos kaulinės medžiagos buvo rasta dvaro teritorijos pietvakarinėje pusėje, kur buvo tiriami pl. 2-9, š. 5-11, 32-35. Iš archeologės Romos Songailaitės tyrimų išvadų yra žinoma, kad šioje dvaro sodybos vietoje nuo XVII a. pradžios iki XX a. 9-ojo dešimtmečio stovėję pastatai. Archeologinių tyrimų metu rasti XVII-XVIII a. pastatų pamatai leidžia daryti prielaidą, kad jie buvo du tris kartus rekonstruoti. XIX a. pradžioje baronui Holstenui pradėjus visos dvaro teritorijos rekonstrukciją, rytinė buvusio XVIII a. pastato dalis buvo nugriauta, rūsiai užversti ir nutiestas dvaro keliukas. Ant vakarinės buvusio pastato dalies apie 1890 m. buvo pastatytas naujas namas. Sovietmečiu gyvenę gyventojai taip pat jame vykdė rekonstrukcijas. Pastatas nugriautas apie 1986 m [p. 184].

ENDuring the archaeological research in 2012-2015, major part of zooarchaeological material was found on the southwest side of the manor area, which was given for the research. Material was collected from areas No. 2-9 and exploratory pits No. 5-11,32-35. According to the archaeologist, the majority of zooarchaeological material is from the mixed layers, dated back to the 17th - 18th century, or even later period - 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century. Certain principles were observed, when the zooarchaeological material of Mantagailiškis manor was divided by separate periods that were excluded during the excavations. Osteological analysis of the 17th - i8lh centuries material (3385 pieces of bone fragments were selected) showed that wild animals formed 62% (over 3000 fragments), whereas domestic animals formed 34 % of the total amount of bones found. Area No. 4 was researched separately. Out of 116 fragments of researched bones, 55 belonged to domestic animals and 45 - to wild ruminants (deer, reindeer, roe deer and boar). 9 bone fragments belonged to the various birds (hens, geese and ducks). When analyzing the maximum amount of osteological material (taken from area No. 2, dated back to the 17th - 18th century) and dividing the bone material into domestic and wild animals and birds, it was observed that wild fauna dominates during this period, amounting to 65 % of the total bone quantity. Birds (chickens, geese and ducks) represented 4,63 % of the material.The horny sprout of the ram and the fragment of the chopped goat’s skull were distinguished. Single chicken, goose and duck bones were also found in these areas. 946 fragments of bones (mixed material) were gathered from area No. 3, dated back between 17th to 19th centuries period. Bones were distributed approximately equal: domestic animals formed 62,51 %, wild animals - 44,50 %, and birds - 4,86 % of the total researched material from area No. 3. A single bear bone was identified. In the mixed 17th- 20th century layers of area No. 5 a similar percentage remains, and the content of bird (chicken, goose) seeks 3,75 %. A similar percentage is also observed in area No. 6. The analysis of area No. 7 is also not available because of a wide time period interval. Although, the number of bones found is increasing (971 bone fragments), there could be a misconception and false interpretations. However, a larger number of bird bones could be attributed to the later centuries. It is hoped to draw broader and more specific conclusions in the future, after the analysis of written sources and various bioarchaeological studies are done.