Mantagailiškio dvaras ir jo savininkai XVI-XX amžiais

LTVietovardį Mantagailiškis prie Biržų ir prie Nemunėlio (dabar Latvijos teritorija) pagrįstai galima kildinti nuo Montygailos pavardės, nes 1645 m- J- Naronovičiaus-Naronskio „Biržų kunigaikštystės žemėlapyje“ valdos prie Biržų ir tarp Nemunėlio ir Pauperių pažymėtos kaip Montygailos (P. Montygailo). Tačiau šio krašto istorijoje tai gana vėlyvas laikotarpis, žinant, kad iki žemėlapio sukūrimo, jau prieš 140 metų, buvo pastatytos katalikų bažnyčios Biržuose ir Pabiržėje. Siekiant nustatyti, ar XVI a. antrojoje pusėje - XVII a. gyvenę Montygailos1 2 buvo dvaro įkūrėjai, nes archeologinė medžiaga siekia XVI a. pirmąją pusę ir įrodo, kad dvaras įkurtas anksčiau, tenka pasitelkti istorinius šaltinius. Giminystės ryšių atsekimas iš XV-XVI a. šaltinių, kai dar iki galo nebuvo susiformavusios pavardės, yra sudėtingas uždavinys, kurį gali įveikti tik istorikai profesionalai. Bet remiantis istoriniais šaltiniais, galima pabandyti rekonstruoti iki šiol nežinomus istorijos tarpsnius šio dvaro istorijoje3, susijusius su buvusiais savininkais. [Iš straipsnio, p. 16]

ENThe origin of the name Mantagailiškis near Biržai and Nemunėlis (now the territory of Latvia) can reasonably be derived from the surname Montigaila. Holdings in the 1645 map of the Duchy of Biržai made by J. Naronovich-Naronski are marked as belonging to Montigaila (Montygailo) and are located near Biržai and between Nemunėlis and Pauperiai (Fig. 1). However, this is a relatively late period in the history of this region, knowing that before the map was created, Catholic churches in Biržai and Pabiržė were built 140 years ago. In the listing of the Lithuanian Army of 1528, among the listed surnames there were names of soldiers from various lands close to Montygailos. However, it is not explicitly stated that soldiers were from Upytė region. The listing of the Lithuanian Army of 1567 mentions Povilas Aleksandrovich from Mongelovichi (relatives) manor of Strėvininkai - horse and lance, and two horses from the manors of his wife: Biržai in Upytė region and Gelvonai in Vilnius region - 2 horses from Sabovas manor (Kaunas) - horse <...>, and for sister-in-law Mikalojavaitė - 4 horses. Baltromiejus Stacevich from Mongelovich - horse <...>, Martynas Serafinovich from Mongelovich - horse <...>, Jonas Boguševich from paternal manor Mongelovich - horse <...>.The listing of the Lithuanian Army of 1567 confirms that Povilas Montygaila, the son of Alexander, whose wife owned a mansion near Biržai, belongs to a branch of the Montygailas of Strėvininkai. Montygaila Strėviniškis is mentioned in the Lithuanian Metric Books in the documents of 1442. Sources from the beginning of the 16th century also mention Mykolas Montygailaitis. From the already mentioned listing of the Lithuanian Army of 1567, it is known that Biržai manor in Upyte district belonged to Uršulė Mikalojaitė Vasnevičaitė, the wife of Povilas Montygaila. Her sister was Jadvyga Mikalojaitė Vasnevich, and sisters’ husband Jurgis Mikalojaitis Skromblis is mentioned in the documents of 1580. From the 1539 court files of Lithuanian Metric, it is known that the paternal Biržai and Panemunė manors were owned by nobleman Mikalojus Venclavovičius Vasnevičius. After the division of the manors, in 1573, Povilas Aleksandraitis Montygaila bought manors parts from his wife’s sister that belonged to her. The litigation for both manors between the sisters’ families took place from 1580 to 1585. Disputes between the families involved 4 sons of Povilas Montygaila and Uršulė Vasnevich. From various sources it is known that there were George, Merkel, Stanislaw and John. Mantygaila family probably ruled the manor near Biržai called Mantagailiškis and Panemunė manor until the second half of the 17th century, which later were owned by other than Montygaila descendants. 1784 Panemunė manor belonged to Brunov parish, its owner was Borowski, and Mantagailiškis manor was owned by Vladislav Francischek Berg von Karmel, Juzef Rudamansky was mentioned about 1778.All these people were mentioned in the 1790 document “Listing and marking income, Duma and people in Kushelevski’s Mantagailiškis”. A total number of Dumas - 27, people of both sexes - 395 (Listing and marking the incomes, Duma and People in the [Mr.] Kushelevskis’ Mantygailiškis. 1790. LVIA, SA15283,1. 349-350V). At the beginning of the 19th century Mantagailiškis manor was ruled by Kushelevski, later, until the 5th decade of the 20th century, it belonged to Holsteins. In the Soviet era, the manor homestead belonged to a collective farm, the farm buildings were used for their intended purpose, the palace had administrative premises and other former manor houses were inhabited by people. The ruins of the manor house, the barn and the warehouse (all in a bad condition) were returned to the owners Duchinski in about 1994. In 2007 the present owner Sigitas Kalkys bought the abandoned manor homestead with the ruins of the palace, barn and warehouse. With the help of his efforts, the repair of the manor buildings and managing of the entire manor homestead territory began.