Kunigaikštienės Izabelės Čartoryskos (Izabela z Flemmingow Czartoryska, 1746-1835) Pulavų parkas - atvejo analizė

LTStraipsnyje pristatoma ir nagrinėjama garsaus Lenkijos parko Pulavuose (lenk. Puławy) kūrimo istorija, pateikiama menotyrinė analizė. Straipsnyje akcentuojami kraštovaizdžio architektūros objektų kūrimo patirtis ir dėsningumai, teoriniai ir praktiniai aspektai, kurių pažinimas yra reikšmingas urbanistikos ir miesto kraštovaizdžio architektūros istorijos ir patirties tęstinumo, akademinio lavinimo, studijų programos požiūriu. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Architektūra; Izabelė Čartoryska; Kraštovaizdžio architektūra; Kunigaikštienė Izabelė Čartoryska; Lenkija (Lenkijos karalystė. Kingdom of Poland. Poland); Paveldas; Pulavų parkas; Architecture; Heritage; Isabelle Czartoryska; Landscape architecture; Princess Isabelle Czartoryska; Pulawy park.

ENCzartoryski's Palace and Park complex in the town of Puławy is the famous and most valuable landmark, dating from 1676-1679, to designs by the Dutch architect Tylman van Gameren (1632-1706). After destroying in 1706 by Swedish troops during the Great Northern War, the Palace (Fig. 1) and its surroundings were rebuilt in 1731-1736 to designs by architect Jan Zygmunt Deybel (ca 1690-1752). The settlement in 1784 became the property of Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski (1734-1824) and his wife Isabelle Czartoryska (nee Flemming, 1746-1835). Under their stewardship the Puławy Manor became a museum and cultural centre of Polish national memorabilia. In 1794, during the Kościuszko uprising, Puławy was plundered and burned by the Russian troops. The reconstruction of the palace and the park was initiated in 1796 by Princess Isabelle, who employed the renowned Chrystian Piotr Aigner (1756-1841). Other architects employed to design of Puławy manor complex are presented in Table 1. The palace is surrounded by a 30-hectare park, which was in 1798-1806 fashioned into an English landscape garden. In 1801, the Princess opened the first museum in Poland, in the colonnaded round Temple of the Sibyl (Fig. 2) and in other pavilions and buildings. Near the Temple of the Sibyl is the so-called Gothic House, built in 1800-1809. Among other interesting buildings located in the park are: Palace of Marynka (1790-1794), built for Maria Wirtemberska (Fig. 12); a Roman Gate, built in 1829 as a permanent ruin, styled after the Arch of Titus; Greek House (1778-1791); Yellow House, in which Tsar Alexander II of Russia stayed; marble sarcophagus (Fig. 11), brought from Rome in 1799 by Adam Jerzy Czartoryski; a sculpture of "Tancred and Clorinda" (1790, Fig. 13).The end of Pulawy's Golden Age was marked by the November Uprising (1830-1831), when after its suppression; the estate was taken over by Russian tsarist government. In 1842 the Russians renamed Puławy to Nowa Aleksandria. In 1869, the Agricultural and Forestry Institute was founded here. Many famous scientists worked here. Puławy has been a centre of higher education. Among institutes operating here are: the Soil and Fertilizer Institute; Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, opened in 1950; the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, Division of Apiculture; etc. Famous Polish landscape architect Gerard Ciołek (1909-1966) worked to the Puławy park research and restauration project. In 2005 the inside of the main part of the Puławy Manor complex was opened to visitors. Actually park is an example of the good practice for theoretical and practical aspects of heritage protection in terms of the continuity of history and experience of urban landscape architecture. It is the subject of academic study and cultural, scientific researches. Such a model of the use and adaptation of the historical and cultural heritage to the public interest could be more widely applied in the practice of protection of Lithuanian manorial ensembles. [From the publication]