Comenius ir istorijos mokymas Lietuvoje
LTDidysis čekų tautos pedagogas, tautų mokytojas Janas Amosas Komenskis (Jan Amos Komensky) pasaulio edukologinėje literatūroje geriausiai žinomas Komenijaus (Comenius) vardu. 400-ųjų gimimo metinių proga, tarptautinės anketos duomenimis, buvo paskelbti 125 autorių iš 23 šalių darbai, skirti komeniologijai. Tarp jų yra ir Klaipėdos universiteto Pedagogikos fakulteto doc. dr. Vlado Pupšio publikacija. Taip įvertinti prieš 400 metų gyvenusio ir dirbusio "Didžiosios didaktikos" ir kitų darbų (iš viso per 20) autoriaus nuopelnai tautų švietimui. Straipsnyje aptariama J. A. Komenskio veikla, lietuviškoji komeniana ir plačiau nagrinėjama, kaip Lietuvos mokyklose buvo taikomos J. A. Komenskio "Didžiosios didaktikos" idėjos mokant istorijos: dalyko sistema pradinėse ir vidurinėse mokyklose, vaizdumo įgyvendinimo priemonės, "Didžiosios didaktikos" principai istorijos vadovėliuose ir kitose mokymo priemonėse. Taip pat išryškinami sunkumai, su kuriais teko susidurti įgyvendinant kai kuriuos didaktikos principus.
ENThe great Czech pedagogue Jan Amos Komensky (1592-1670) is known in World literature as Comenius. He was born in Nivnice, Uhersky Brod or Komna, a Czech town, attended Prerov Gymnasium, and studied at Herborn and Heidelberg Universities. He worked as a teacher and 1632 appointed bishop of the Community of Brethren, maintained relationships with famous European scientists, and wrote scientific writings, including his famous "Didactica magna universale" (published in 1657). He has visited England, Holland, Germany, Sweden and other countries in the matter of school reform. Since 1644, he maintained relationships with Lithuania’s Calvinists, and the nobleman Jonušas Radvila has invited Komensky to Lithuania. J. A. Komensky’s "The Great Didactics" ("Didactica magna") was published in Lithuanian language for the first time in 1927. In this work, the author introduced the main guidelines to improve schools: to found four-stage schools, as well as he presumed the content of activity thereof, was promoting the preparation of skilled teachers for work in these schools. Komensky was prompting the issue of textbooks for children and teachers for each form, suggested better teaching methods, described the main principles of didactic, etc.Gradually, the ideas stated in the "The Great Didactics" have been implemented in schools and in History teaching. In XVII, History entrenched in Lithuanian schools as a separate subject, and in XVIII, the first Lithuanian history textbooks written by were published in Polish language. The first Lithuanian history textbooks in Lithuanian language were published in the beginning of XX only, upon resumption of Lithuanian press. Textbooks for primary school of 1918-1940 were prepared especially good. There are also plenty of alternative History textbooks in today’s schools. The circle of visual History teaching tools has expanded. History teaching programs and textbooks also show the implementation of J. A. Komensky’s didactical principles, however, over the centuries, the alien governances didn’t allow to properly implement some of these principles.
