Teisės kodeksų ir jų komentarų kalba: leksikos ypatumai

LTStraipsnyje analizuojami Lietuvos Respublikos teisės kodeksuose ir jų komentaruose esantys žodžiai, vartojami bendrinei lietuvių kalbai nebūdinga reikšme. Realioji vartosena ne visada sutinka su bendrinės norminės kalbos reikalavimais. Nepaisoma, kaip vieni ar kiti žodžiai turi būti vartojami lietuvių kalboje, iš vartosenos stumiama tai, kas būdinga kalbai, kas nė kiek nesikerta su teisės kalbos vartojimo srities poreikiais. Norminę ir nenorminę reikšmę turintys žodžiai vartojami pramaišiui, kodeksuose yra vienaip, o jų komentaruose - kitaip. Įstatymai, teismų nutartys ir pan. dokumentai rašomi teisės kalba, iš ten vartojami žodžiai, junginiai greitai paplinta, pereina į visuotinę vartoseną. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Bendrinė kalba; Teisės kalba; Kalbos norma; Būdinga ir nebūdinga žodžio reikšmė; General language; Law language; Standard language; Uncharacteristic meaning of used words.

ENThe aim of this paper is to investigate the vocabulary of the different codes of Lithuanian Republic and their commentaries used outside of the characteristic meaning of the general language. The language of law is part of the general language and it must follow all requirements for language regularity. This is bound by documents which regulate the planning of law acts. This language must be very accurate and without any obliquities. Words and word compounds in the language of law should be used in the same meaning as they are used in the general language. In the cases when resources of the general language are limited, different expressions are to be found. Analysis of law codes and their commentaries shows that not all requirements for language regularity as indicated in documents which regulate the planning of law acts are observed. It shows that in some cases the actual usage does not conform to the requirements of the standard language. The examples provided in this article allow us to draw a conclusion that certain errors in the vocabulary of the Lithuanian language tend to emerge. It happens when not all possibilities of expression of the general language are used, or the correct usage of words of the Lithuanian language is ignored. Moreover, lexical errors occur when words are used in different, uncharacteristic meanings without any reason. Because of this, the Lithuanian language loses what is individual and typical to it, and what perfectly goes with the law language, and does not intersect with the needs of usage of the law language. Sometimes words having a standard and non-standard meaning are used interchangeably: pridėti daiktus prie bylos and prijungti daiktus prie bylos. There are cases when words in codes are used in one way, and in a different way in the commentary. Such differences have no place in the law language.It is necessary to seek to have as few expressions that are not typical to the general language in the codes of the Lithuanian Republic and their commentaries as possible. Words and word compounds used in laws, orders, court decisions, and other documents written in the language of law quickly spread out and pass in to general usage. [From the publication]